Heartburn is one of the most common digestive problems experienced by millions of people around the world. This condition usually appears as a burning sensation behind the sternum or upper abdomen and can last from a few minutes to a few hours.

But is this problem only related to "acid reflux"? The answer is no! Let's take a closer look.

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Scientific Causes of Heartburn (UpToDate 2025)

1. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) – the most common cause, due to abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

2. Hiatal hernia – displacement of part of the stomach into the chest.

3. Gastritis or inflammation of the stomach – usually caused by H. pylori or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

4. Gastric or duodenal ulcer – especially in patients with Helicobacter infection or long-term use of NSAIDs.

5. Pregnancy and obesity - increased intra-abdominal pressure.

6. Taking some drugs - such as caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, calcium blockers and nitrates. Fried

Fizzy drinks, coffee, strong tea

Lying down or bending immediately after eating

Wearing too tight clothes

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Home remedies and styling Life according to the latest recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology: 1. Eating smaller and lighter meals

2. Avoiding eating 2-3 hours before sleep

3. Raising the head of the bed 15-20 cm

4. Weight loss in case of overweight

5. Quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol

6. Reducing the consumption of coffee, strong tea, soft drinks and chocolate

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Initial drug treatment

Antacids for quick relief of symptoms

H2 blockers (such as famotidine) to reduce secretion acid

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) such as omeprazole or pantoprazole - the best effect when taken in the morning on an empty stomach, treatment period 4-8 weeks

⚠️ Note: long-term use of the drug without a doctor's opinion can cause complications such as vitamin B12 and magnesium deficiency Slow.

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When should you see a doctor?

Frequent heartburn more than twice a week

Difficulty swallowing or getting stuck in food

Unexplained weight loss

Vomiting blood or stool Black

Chest pain that worsens with physical activity

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Summary

Although heartburn usually seems like a simple problem, if it persists, it can be a sign of more serious diseases. This problem can be controlled and damage to the esophagus can be prevented by modifying the lifestyle, proper diet and, if necessary, medical treatment.

💬 For consultation and specialized treatment of digestive and liver problems:

📍 Tehran, Motahari St., Farahani South Qaim Maqam St., 24 St., No. 1, Iranma Doctors Building, 3rd Floor, Unit 12

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