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Eye injuries are one of the most common problems that may occur in work environments, sports or even everyday life. Many of these injuries are caused by carelessness, not following safety principles or sudden accidents. Eyeballs include bruises, punctures, burns, and scrapes. These injuries can be caused by accidents, contact with chemicals or foreign objects entering the eye. Injury to the eye can affect not only the eye itself, but also the surrounding tissues and even its bone structure. In case of any eye damage, it is necessary to see a specialist immediately.

Types of eye injuries

1. Eye bleeding

Ocular bleeding is usually caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the surface layers of the eye. This complication may occur in the area between the cornea and the iris and is accompanied by pain, redness and blurred vision. In mild cases, bleeding can only be detected with special devices, but in severe cases, it can be easily seen with the naked eye.

Symptoms of ocular bleeding:

• Observation of blood on the surface of the eye
• Pain in the affected area
• Redness and inflammation of the eyes
• Blurred vision or seeing black spots in the field of vision

2. Corneal scratch

Rubbing the eye in the presence of foreign bodies (such as sand particles) or direct impact can cause corneal abrasion or abrasion. This damage is very serious, because it increases the possibility of bacteria penetration and infection.

Cornea scratch symptoms:

• Burning and eye pain
• Sensitivity to light
• Redness and inflammation
• Feeling of a foreign object in the eye

Corneal scratch treatment:

• Closing the affected eye to prevent further irritation
• Using eye drops and ointments for relief and repair
• Use of antibiotics to prevent infection
• Using pupil dilating drops to reduce pain
• Eye dressing with special lenses in severe cases

Important tips during recovery:

• Avoid rubbing the eyes.
• Do not use contact lenses until complete recovery.

3. A blow to the eye

ضربه‌های شدید (مثل برخورد توپ یا مشت) می‌تواند باعث تورم، کبودی و حتی آسیب به ساختارهای داخلی چشم مانند عدسی، شبکیه یا عصب بینایی شود. In severe cases, these injuries may lead to vision loss or even blindness.

Primary actions:

• Cold compress (ice bag) to reduce swelling and pain
• Full examination by a doctor to check possible injuries

Read more: Causes and symptoms of eye refractive errors and treatment methods

4. Chemical eye burn

Eye contact with chemicals such as acids, alkalis or irritant gases (such as tear gas) can cause severe burns. In these cases, it is necessary to immediately wash the eyes with plenty of water and see a doctor.

5. Fracture of the eye socket

Severe blows to the face area can lead to fractures of the bones around the eye (eye socket). This injury is more common in children and may be associated with eye movement disorders.

Symptoms of eyeball fracture:

• Blurred vision or diplopia
• Swelling and bruising around the eyes
• Bleeding in the white of the eye
Numbness in the affected area
• Difficulty moving the eyes
• Indentation or protrusion of the eyeball

Treatment of eye socket fracture

• In mild cases: use cold compresses and rest
• In severe cases: surgery to repair broken bones

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