Hormonal changes during life such as puberty, pregnancy and menopause have a direct effect on the health of gums and teeth. In this article, you will get to know the effect of hormonal changes on the health of teeth and gums and the causes, symptoms and care solutions related to these changes**.** **Hormones and oral health: an overview** Estrogen and progesterone hormones cause significant changes in the gum tissue by changing blood vessels, capillary permeability and inflammatory cell activity. These changes can affect the amount of saliva production, the composition of the oral microbiome and the defense power of periodontal tissues. **The effect of hormonal changes on the health of teeth and gums in different stages of life** Below we examine some of the effects of hormonal changes on the health of teeth and gums: - ### **puberty and adolescence** During puberty, the sudden increase in sex hormones causes a more intense inflammatory reaction of the gums against plaque, which makes it appear red and swollen, and slight bleeding when brushing is common. - ### **menstrual cycle** Hormonal fluctuations before menstruation and during ovulation can cause temporary swelling of the gums, more sensitivity of the teeth and even an increase in the amount of saliva; These changes usually occur 2-3 days before or during menstruation. - ### **pregnancy** The increase in progesterone levels during pregnancy doubles the blood flow to the gums, and if oral hygiene is not followed, pregnancy gingivitis occurs with symptoms such as swelling, redness and bleeding of the gums. This condition is usually observed between the second and eighth months of pregnancy. - ### **menopause** In addition to dry mouth, the decrease in estrogen during menopause can lead to a decrease in jaw bone density and gum recession. During this period, many women complain of increased tooth sensitivity and chronic burning sensation in the gums. Mechanism of effect of hormones on gum tissue - Increasing vascular permeability and stimulating immune cells - Thickening of the lower layer of the gum mucosa - Intensification of inflammatory response to dental plaque bacteria - Reducing the activity of some natural anti-inflammatory factors These mechanisms collectively cause redness, swelling and bleeding of the gums in changing hormonal conditions and in the long run can lead to gum recession and bone loss around the teeth. Warning signs and important signs - Gum swelling and redness during puberty or pregnancy - Slight bleeding when brushing or flossing - Increased secretion of saliva or dry mouth in menopause - Sudden sensitivity of teeth to cold and heat - Persistent bad breath due to chronic inflammation Timely diagnosis of these symptoms and going to the dentist plays the biggest role in preventing further injuries. Specific prevention and care tips - Regular visits to the dentist every 6 months, especially during sensitive hormonal periods - Using toothpaste and mouthwash containing fluoride and anti-inflammatory - Strict adherence to brushing and flossing techniques - Daily consumption of at least 8 glasses of water to prevent dry mouth - Increasing consumption of calcium and vitamin D in diet or supplements These simple measures can neutralize the effect of hormonal changes and maintain oral health in all stages of life. When should you see a dentist? 1. Gum bleeding for more than 10 days without stopping 2. Severe pain or swelling that does not respond to usual pain relievers 3. Sensation of tooth loosening or jaw bone coming out 4. Chronic dry mouth and difficulty in swallowing 5. Persistent bad odor despite hygiene If you notice any of the above, getting treatment early can prevent more serious complications such as periodontitis or bone loss. ### Conclusion Hormonal changes during puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause with inflammatory and vascular mechanisms have a direct effect on the health of gums and teeth. Recognizing these conditions, carefully observing the symptoms and implementing simple but effective prevention tips can prevent serious problems and ensure oral health at all stages of life. If you are looking for dental beauty treatments, **dental laminate** and **dental implant** are recommended. ###