Intestinal microbial flora and its relationship with inflammatory diseases and intestinal infection =============================================================== This disease is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system that affects a large population in the world, and the prevalence of this disease and intestinal infection is increasing day by day and infects more people in society. Inflammatory bowel diseases are divided into two categories: - Inflammatory bowel disease - Crohn's disease These two diseases are somewhat different in terms of the symptoms of the form of involvement.... A basic question that is always raised is what causes a person to get this intestinal infection?... Until today, various studies have been done in relation to this issue, which have not been able to find a specific cause.. Both in terms of the type and number of microbes in the digestive tract of a person, causes a person to get these diseases.... Maybe if we can modify the microbial flora, we can also cure this disease.. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are known as chronic and relapsing inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Although more than one million people in the United States and one million people in Europe suffer from IB, with the highest prevalence in Western countries, the recently industrialized countries of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are also seeing rapid increases in prevalence. The host's response to the gut microbiota plays a role, and there is a possible role of gut microbes in it.. Pathogenesis of IBD.... The human gut contains trillions of different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which make up the microbiota or microbial flora. It belongs to more than 109% of human genetic bacteria.. Four species... Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria... Two types of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominate the gut microbiota in healthy adults.. It has been reported that the number and composition of bacteria differ in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.. A few species from the stomach and a small number of bacteria gradually increase in the upper parts.. Colon.. We also know that the gut microbiota in healthy individuals has benefits for the host related to protection against pathogens, nutrition, metabolism and the immune system.. An adverse change in the composition and function of the gut microbiota is known as dysbiosis, which interacts between the gut microbiota and the host immune system.. Allergy, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are related.. In the case of IBD, many studies have reported that the composition of the microbiota is altered in IBD compared to healthy individuals.. In this study, the relationship between the gut microbiota, the pathogenesis of IBD and potential therapeutic options to target the gut microbiota are investigated.. 1) nutrition, 2) immune expansion, 3) Host defense... ### Gut microbiota in IBD: A decrease in bacteria with anti-inflammatory capacity and an increase in bacteria with inflammatory capacity compared to healthy people are observed in patients with IBD. The most consistent changes are the decrease in the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes. It is 38% and 6% in healthy people. The effects of drugs used in IBD on intestinal microbiota: IBD drugs affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota, mesalazine reduces stool bacteria and the concentration of mucus-adherent bacteria. This drug dose-dependently inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis subspecies, which has been reported to be closely related to Crohn's, in a dose-dependent manner. In patients who responded to anti-TNF therapy, the amount of E...coli increased and decreased dramatically.. Information on the effects of thiopurines and glucocorticoids on the gut microbiota is limited.. models... In mouse models, glucocorticoids increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. In general, IBD drugs can change or modulate the gut microbiota, but the evidence is not reliable and it is unclear whether the change in the gut microbiota is a result of the drug or an improvement in gut inflammation. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the host. Gut microbiota and elimination of dysbiosis in IBD...Several studies have shown that lactobacillus is safer and more effective than mesalazine for maintaining remission in UC patients, but several studies found its role to be equal to placebo...In contrast, there is limited evidence on the effect of probiotics in Crohn's patients. Experiments... The success of FMT in the treatment of Clostridium difficile has strengthened the possibility of its usefulness in other diseases related to microbiota and has recently been considered as a new treatment strategy in IBD... **\*Gastroenterologist in Mashhad\***