دلایل ناباروری در زنان و مردان + روش‌های درمان

مشکل ناباروری در زنان و مردان یک مسائله عمده برای افراد به حساب می آید. در زنان عدم تعادل هورمونی، نقص در لوله های فالوپ، سندرم تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک، آندومتریوز و … میتواند مانع بارداری شود. از طرف دیگر در مردان، ضعیف بودن اسپرم یا کم بودن آن، مشکل در دستگاه تناسلی مثلا (واریکوسل) و عوامل محیطی می توان مشکلات ناباروری ایجاد کند. تغذیه نیز از دیگر عوامل اثر گذار در ناباروری است، مصرف سیگار و الکل نقش مهمی در ایجاد این مشکل دارد.

برای درمان این مشکلات روشهای مختلفی وجود دارد. در بسیاری از مواقع پزشک برای درمان از دارو استفاده میکند، از طرف دیگر جراحی نیز برای رفع مشکلات فیزیکی کاربرد دارد. روش لقاح آزمایشگاهی نیز یکی دیگر از گزینه ها به شمار می آید.

فهرست مطالب

• • دلایل ناباروری در زنان
  • دلایل ناباروری در مردان
  • روش‌های درمان ناباروری
  • سوالات متداول
  • جمع بندی
  • منابع

دلایل ناباروری در زنان

ناباروری در زنان شامل عوامل متعددی است. یک پزشک مجرب می تواند با کنترل دقیق به علت این مشکل پی ببرد و راهکارهای مناسب را برای درمان پیدا کند. If we want to name the most important causes of infertility in women, we can say that ovulation disorders, blockage of the fallopian tubes, uterine or cervical problems, and endometriosis are among the most common of them. is not One of the most common causes of this disorder is polycystic ovary syndrome. This disease leads to hormonal disorders and disrupts ovulation. Other contributing factors include thyroid hormone imbalances, extreme weight gain or loss, and high stress. Regular examination of the menstrual cycle and consultation with a gynecologist can help to diagnose ovulation disorders.

blockage of fallopian tubes

Fallopian tubes are the way for the egg to reach the uterus, and their blockage prevents conception. This blockage is usually caused by pelvic infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or abdominal surgeries. The doctor diagnoses these problems using ultrasound, after diagnosis, treatment methods are selected. Surgery is one of the treatment options.

Uterus or cervix problems

Uterus and cervix structural problems can also cause infertility. Uterine fibroids, polyps, or congenital abnormalities of the uterus may prevent implantation of the embryo or make it difficult for sperm to move. Periodic examinations and imaging methods such as ultrasound or hysteroscopy are useful for diagnosing these problems.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition in which the inner tissue of the uterus grows outside the uterus and causes pain, inflammation, and adhesions. This situation can affect the quality of the egg and the uterine environment and reduce the chance of pregnancy. Treatment for endometriosis may include anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal drugs, or surgery to remove excess tissue.

Reasons of infertility in men

In approximately 40 to 50 percent of cases, the origin of the infertility problem is from the man. Several factors can affect the ability to produce healthy and fertile sperm. The most important causes of infertility in men include a decrease in the number or mobility of sperm, varicocele, hormonal disorders, and infections or sexually transmitted diseases.

Reduction in the number or mobility of sperm

Low sperm count or decrease in their movement is one of the most common causes of male infertility. This lowness reduces the chance of them reaching the egg. On the other hand, slowness of sperms also causes the lack of proper movement of sperms in the fallopian tube and reduces the possibility of pregnancy. Contributing factors include alcohol and tobacco consumption, malnutrition, long-term use of high temperatures (such as saunas or laptops on the feet) and unhealthy lifestyle. Laboratory tests usually check the number, movement and shape of sperm to determine the problem.

Varicocele (dilation of the testicular veins)

Varicocele is a condition in which the veins of the testicles dilate, causing an increase in the temperature of the testicles and a decrease in sperm quality. This problem is asymptomatic in some cases, but it can lead to infertility. Among this disease is surgery in which the surgeon corrects the veins and solves the problem.

Hormonal disorders

Sperm production is controlled by hormones, and a disturbance in the level of sex hormones can disrupt the process of spermatogenesis. Hormonal problems may be caused by diseases of the pituitary gland, testicles, or problems such as diabetes. Treatment includes hormonal drugs or removing the underlying disease.

Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Some infections can damage the male reproductive system and cause sperm production to decrease or its path to be blocked. Diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea or chronic testicular infections can lead to infertility. Quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics can reduce the negative effects. Note that timely treatment can prevent permanent damage.

Infertility treatment methods

In many cases, infertility problems can be treated, each problem has its own treatment solutions depending on the conditions. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medication, surgery, assisted reproductive techniques, or the use of donated eggs and sperm.

Lifestyle Changes

In many cases, lifestyle changes can improve the chances of pregnancy. to improve These changes include maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, reducing alcohol consumption and quitting smoking, reducing stress and regular physical activity. Also, avoiding extreme heat or harmful chemicals for men can increase sperm quality.

Drug Therapy

Drugs for treating infertility may be prescribed in women to stimulate ovulation and in men to increase the number or quality of sperm. Hormonal drugs or certain supplements can restore hormonal balance. This can increase the chances of pregnancy. Note that the drug must be prescribed by a specialist doctor and taken under his supervision.

Surgery

In some cases, surgery is necessary to correct structural problems or blockages in the reproductive system. For women, surgery can clear blockages in the fallopian tubes or remove fibroids and endometriosis tissue. In men, varicocele surgery can improve blood flow to the testicles and increase sperm quality.

Assisted Fertility Methods (IUI / IVF / ICSI)

If conventional treatments do not work, assisted reproductive methods are a good option. In IUI, therapeutic techniques are performed on the sperm, then it is transferred directly into the uterus. In In vitro fertilization (IVF) The egg and sperm are fertilized in the laboratory and then the embryo is transferred to the uterus. In ICSI, a sperm is injected directly into the egg to increase the chance of fertilization.

egg or sperm donation

In cases where the quality of the egg or sperm is low or couples with If you have genetic problems, using donated eggs or sperm is a good solution. This method allows couples to conceive even when natural conditions are not possible.

Frequently Asked Questions

Summary

Infertility is a common problem among couples that can be caused by the woman, the man, or both. Accurately knowing the causes of infertility, both in women and in men, is the first step to successful treatment. In women, problems such as ovulation disorders, blockage of the fallopian tubes, structural problems of the uterus and endometriosis play the biggest role in reducing the chances of pregnancy. In men, the decrease in the number or mobility of sperm, varicocele, hormonal disorders and infections are the main causes of infertility.

Infertility treatment methods are very diverse and depending on the cause, they include lifestyle changes, drug therapy, surgery, assisted reproductive methods such as IUI, IVF and ICSI and in special cases, the use of donated eggs or sperm. Simple lifestyle changes, such as eating healthy, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing alcohol and smoking, and managing stress, can increase the chances of pregnancy.

With advances in medical technology and assisted reproductive methods, many couples are able to experience childbearing even in the presence of serious problems. Visiting a specialist doctor and regularly following up the treatment process is the key to success in infertility treatment and can bring hope and peace to couples. rel="nofollow noopener">Diagnosis and Management of Infertility: A Review