Miscarriage is a complex experience that has a profound emotional impact on individuals and families. It usually occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy and has a variety of clinical causes, many of which are beyond the individual's control. However, knowing them can help you better understand the event and receive the support or treatment you need.

What is abortion?

Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the due date.. so that the fetus is not able to continue living outside the womb... This phenomenon may be done spontaneously (unwanted abortion) or to preserve the health and life of the mother or due to severe and incurable abnormalities in the fetus (medical abortion or induced abortion).

Learn more: Where is the fetus in the fourth week?

Types of spontaneous abortion

There are different types of unwanted abortion which include:

• Complete abortion: All pregnancy tissues are removed from the body.
• Incomplete abortion: Parts of the tissue or placenta are removed from the body, but pieces of it remain in the uterus.
• Forgotten miscarriage: The fetus dies, but remains in the uterus without causing any symptoms.
• Threat of abortion: There is a possibility of abortion due to bleeding and contraction of the abdominal muscles.
• Definite miscarriage: Bleeding, muscle contraction and dilation of the cervix indicate that a miscarriage is inevitable.
• Infectious miscarriage: The uterus is infected.

Learn more: Is pregnancy possible without penetration?

Abortion symptoms

Symptoms of miscarriage vary depending on the stage of pregnancy.... Sometimes the symptoms appear so quickly in the first month that a person does not know that she is pregnant until it happens.... Below are some possible symptoms:

• Spotting
• Vaginal bleeding
• Discharge of tissue or liquid from the vagina
• Severe abdominal pain or cramps
• Mild or severe back pain

If you encounter problems with spotting during pregnancy or see other symptoms mentioned above, see a gynecologist immediately.

Learn more: What is ultrasound like in pregnancy?

Difference between abortion and menstruation

In many cases, the fetus miscarries before you realize you are pregnant.... On the other hand, some miscarriage symptoms are just like menstruation.... For this purpose, you should consider several factors:

• Symptoms:Pain in the back or abdomen that worsens over time and is accompanied by discharge and large blood clots indicates a miscarriage.
• When: A one-month miscarriage may be mistaken for a period, but after eight weeks of pregnancy, it is unlikely.
• Length of symptoms: Miscarriage symptoms usually get worse over time and last longer than menstrual symptoms.

Learn more: Post-abortion care

Reasons of abortion in the first trimester

Most cases of abortion during the first three months are related to the abnormal development of the fetus... But other factors also play a role in this.

1... genetic or chromosomal problems

The chromosome is the carrier of genes... one set of fetal chromosomes is obtained by the mother and the other set by the father... among the chromosomal problems in this field, the following can be mentioned:

• Intrauterine death of the fetus: The fetusis formed, but its growth stops before the signs of abortion are observed.
• Bulky pregnancy: The embryo does not form (read Who Gets Buggy for more information on this topic).
• Molar pregnancy: both sets of chromosomes are taken from the father and the embryo does not grow.
• Relative molar pregnancy: The mother's chromosomes remain, but the father also gives 2 sets of chromosomes to the fetus.

2.... underlying diseases and lifestyle

Among the problems that interfere with the development of the fetus, the following can be mentioned:

• Unhealthy diet or malnutrition
• use of drugs and alcohol
• Pregnancy over 35
• Untreated thyroid disease
• Hormonal problems
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• infection
• Trauma
• Obesity
• Cervical problems
• Abnormal shape of the uterus
• High blood pressure
• Food poisoning
• Consumption of certain drugs

Before taking any medication, consult an online gynecologist to make sure it is safe to use during pregnancy.

3... Pair problems

The placenta is the organ that connects the blood of the mother to the blood of the fetus.... If there is a problem in the development of the placenta, it may lead to miscarriage.

4... Lowering the head of the fetus

The descent of the fetus in the last weeks of pregnancy is normal and it is a sign of the body's readiness to give birth..... but if it occurs in the first months, the possibility of miscarriage increases.

Abortion in the second and third week

Chromosomes are small structures inside body cells that carry genes and determine all human characteristics, including sex, hair and eye color, and blood type.. Almost half of the abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy occur due to chromosomal abnormalities... abortion in the second and third week is no exception...

Chromosomal abnormalities cause about 50% of all abortions in the first trimester (up to 13 weeks) of pregnancy.

Chromosomal abnormalities are the cause of approximately 50% of all abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 13 weeks).

my.clevelandclinic

Abortion in the fourth week

4th week miscarriage occurs due to chromosomal problems, placental problems and underlying diseases of the mother.... It should be noted that there is no evidence that exercise, sexual activity or stress during pregnancy can cause a miscarriage.... Whatever your situation, don't blame yourself for it happening.... Most miscarriages you did nothing or did nothing..

Miscarriage in the week Fifth

The causes of miscarriage in the fifth week are very similar to the previous weeks... Infection, hormonal imbalance, uterine abnormalities, chromosomal problems, immune system disorders, untreated chronic diseases, severe malnutrition, and the use of certain medications are all factors that can increase the risk of miscarriage.

Abortion in the sixth and seventh week

Many factors such as the age and health condition of the mother can play a role in the occurrence of miscarriage in the sixth and seventh weeks.. but the probability of this happening decreases from the sixth week onwards... Of course, this does not require consulting a doctor.. You should be monitored until the end of pregnancy and visit a gynecologist regularly.

Abortion in the eighth week and later

Research shows that the probability of miscarriage in the 20s is 12 to 15% and it reaches about 25% at the age of 40. Most age-related miscarriages occur due to chromosomal abnormalities. Other reasons for miscarriage in the eighth week include problems related to the placenta, subplacental diseases, and problems related to the mother's uterus.

Know more: What is the cause of the lower fetus during pregnancy?

Reasons of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy

The most important factors that may cause pregnancy loss in the second trimester are:

• Untreated chronic diseases including diabetes, high blood pressure, lupus, kidney disease and hypothyroidism
• Infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, rubella, bacterial vaginosis, malaria and HIV
• Food poisoning
• Use of certain medications, including retinoids, methotrexate, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen)
• problems and abnormalities of the uterus
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

The cause of abortion in the third trimester of pregnancy

Third trimester abortion is considered a stillbirth and usually occurs for the following reasons:

• Infections caused by viruses, parasites, bacteria or other pathogenic agents
• Problems with the placenta or umbilical cord
• Fetal development disorder or congenital defect

The cause of abortion before the formation of the heart

The tissue of the heart begins to beat approximately in the fifth to sixth week of pregnancy and is completely formed by the tenth week of pregnancy...

• Mother's old age
• Obesity
• use of cigarettes, drugs or alcohol
• Excessive use of caffeine

How does twin miscarriage happen?

Complications such as premature birth, pre-eclampsia or miscarriage are more likely in women who are pregnant with twins or multiples.... In addition, a type of miscarriage called vanishing twin syndrome may occur in these women.... This syndrome occurs when only one fetus is found in the body of a woman who has already been diagnosed with twins, so sometimes it is not diagnosed early.... The twins.

Learn more: What is a uterine polyp?

Abortion methods

Treatment technique depends on the type of abortion... If no pregnancy tissue remains in the body after an unwanted abortion, there is no need for treatment.... But if there is still some tissue left in the body or the doctor wants to perform abortion treatment, one of the following methods is suggested:

• Drug use: With drug use, the tissue is removed from the body.
• Surgery: The tissue related to pregnancy is removed through surgery.

Learn more: ectopic pregnancy; An important problem that must be treated in time

Abortion with pill

Medical abortion is done with oral or vaginal pills.. First you take mifeprostol to terminate the pregnancy.. Then you use misoprostol buccally (putting the medicine between the cheek and gum) or vaginally to empty the contents of the uterus.. The oral form of misoprostol should be taken within 24 to 48 hours after mifepristone.. but the vaginal form can be taken immediately after mifepristone..

Most people feel serious drug effects after taking the second pill (misoprostol)... these effects are:

• Bleeding and muscle cramps that start one to four hours after taking the second pill.
• Cramps and heavy bleeding with the release of blood clots that start within a few hours.
• Slight chills and fever that lasts for about a day after taking the second pill... Some people also experience fatigue, nausea, dizziness, or diarrhea.

Abortion at home

Some people turn to traditional methods or medicinal herbs for abortion....These methods are not only ineffective and reliable, but they can be very dangerous and traumatic and lead to many problems, including heavy bleeding, infection, damage to the uterus or incomplete abortion.

Convalescence period and care after abortion

The recovery period after abortion depends on the duration of pregnancy... After that, you may experience symptoms such as spotting and abdominal pain... Also, although pregnancy hormones remain in the blood for several months after abortion, menstruation starts again within four to six weeks. Do not have an abortion and do not use tampons for at least 2 weeks after the abortion.

If you want to know more about what you experience after a miscarriage, read the article How long is normal bleeding after a miscarriage?

Effects of abortion

Abortion performed for therapeutic purposes is generally safe....but like any other medical procedure, it can have side effects....the most common side effects include:

• Incomplete abortion: This problem occurs more often in medical abortions... in which case you will need more drugs or surgery.
• Infection: The doctor can prescribe antibiotics to fix it.
• Heavy bleeding: If the vaginal bleeding is very heavy, you should contact a gynecologist.
• Injury to the uterus, intestines or cervix: This complication is very rare, but if it occurs, it requires surgery.

Neither medical abortion nor surgical abortion will harm your fertility or affect future pregnancies.. In rare cases, scar tissue may develop in the uterus after a dilation and evacuation (D&E).. This condition is called Asherman syndrome and makes it more difficult to get pregnant.. but it can be treated with surgery

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How many months is abortion allowed?

One of the common questions of couples who have to terminate a pregnancy for medical reasons is how many months is abortion allowed?... In response, it should be said that legal abortion is only possible before four months.... because according to religious beliefs, after that, the soul is breathed into the body of the fetus.

In Iran, abortion treatment is allowed only in 2 cases.. First, when the continuation of the pregnancy endangers the health or life of the mother, and second, in cases where the fetus has severe and incurable abnormalities.

What should be done to treat post-abortion depression?

It is normal to experience a range of emotions after a miscarriage....you may also experience symptoms such as sleep disturbance, low energy, and frequent crying....take the time you need to grieve and seek help and support from others if needed.... It is also better to consider the following:

• Keep clothes, accessories, and anything that reminds you of childhood out of sight until you're ready to deal with them.
• Do something symbolic to help remember the lost fetus.... Some women plant a tree or wear jewelry in memory of the baby.
• Seek a therapist or psychologist... A psychologist can help you deal with feelings of depression, loss, or guilt.
• Join online or in-person support groups to talk to people who have had similar experiences.

Can abortion be prevented?

Scientifically, it is not possible to prevent all abortions, but we can take measures to preserve the health of the fetus....we mention some of them below:

• See a doctor regularly during pregnancy.
• Avoid alcohol, drugs and smoking.
• Keep your weight within a healthy range before pregnancy and be careful not to gain too much weight during pregnancy.
• Prevention of infection... wash your hands carefully and stay away from people who are sick.
• Don't get more than 200 mg of caffeine during the day.
• Use special pregnancy supplements as prescribed by your doctor.
• Have a healthy and balanced pregnancy diet that is rich in fruits and vegetables.

Endword

Abortion usually happens once and its risk is much higher in the first trimester of pregnancy.... Some women do not notice this happening at all and confuse it with the menstrual cycle.... But others may experience more symptoms.

A miscarriage doesn't mean you won't get pregnant again... Most women who have a history of miscarriage can have a healthy pregnancy... However, if you have had 2 or more miscarriages, you can make an appointment with the best doctors and consult them about your situation through the website GCORP LLC .

Learn more: What is contraception?

Frequently Asked Questions

Forums related to this article

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Source: healthline | americanpregnancy.org | my.clevelandclinic | webmd | nhs