Prevention of vision loss Vision is one of the most valuable human assets that plays an important role in the quality of life. One of the concerns of the elderly** is the loss of vision in old age, because it may cause limitations in driving, studying, doing daily tasks and ultimately reducing a person's independence. Vision loss in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of depression, isolation and social exclusion. Although vision changes in old age are normal, it is possible to prevent vision loss in old age by using scientific tips and taking a series of measures. In this article, we have tried to examine the most important ways to maintain health and eye care in the elderly, as well as ways to prevent vision loss in old age. Common causes of vision loss in the elderly Vision loss in old age is usually the result of natural changes in the body, but some diseases can accelerate this process: - ### **Pearl** water Cataract is one of the common eye problems in the elderly, which occurs due to clouding of the eye lens and causes blurring and reduced vision in old age. - ### **glaucoma** Glaucoma occurs due to increased intraocular pressure, and if not treated on time, it can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness. - ### macular degeneration Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disorder that usually occurs in the elderly and causes the degeneration of the macula, which is the central area of the retina, over time. - ### Old-eyed Presbyopia is one of the common vision disorders associated with aging, which usually occurs after the age of 40. Over time, the flexibility of the lens of the eye decreases and the ability of the lens to focus on close objects decreases, and the person cannot distinguish close objects clearly. **Read more: presbyopia treatment** The most important symptoms of vision loss in old age Vision loss in the elderly can occur for various reasons and is accompanied by symptoms, which are of particular importance. One of the most common symptoms of vision loss in old age is blurred vision, where a person cannot distinguish the details of images and objects clearly. Other important symptoms of vision loss in old age include difficulty in recognizing objects in the dark and driving at night. As people get older, some people experience a fluttering sensation where they see small shadows or specks moving. Difficulty reading fine print, difficulty distinguishing colors, sensitivity to light and seeing flashes of light are other important signs of vision loss in old age. If any of these symptoms occur, it is necessary to see an eye doctor for more detailed examinations. Ways to prevent vision loss and take care of eye health To maintain health and eye care, awareness and taking preventive measures play a significant role in preventing vision loss in old age. Fortunately, with proper care, vision problems and loss of vision in old age can be prevented and the quality of vision can be maintained throughout life. ### 1. Regular eye examinations One of the most important points in eye care is periodic eye examinations. These examinations can help to detect eye problems in the early stages so that the treatment can be done at the right time. In addition to diagnosing vision disorders, periodic examinations can also show signs of systemic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. For this reason, it is recommended to visit an ophthalmologist at least once a year for eye examinations. ### 2. Healthy nutrition To maintain vision health and eye care, include omega-3 (in fatty fish such as salmon and salmon) and lutein and zeaxanthin (in spinach and eggs) in your diet. These compounds protect the optic nerve and reduce dry eyes. Vitamin A (in carrots and potatoes) for night vision and vitamins C and E (in citrus fruits and nuts) as powerful antioxidants prevent cataracts. Also, drinking enough water daily not only helps to hydrate the body, but also prevents dry eyes, inflammation and other problems related to vision. ### 3. Protecting eyes from harmful light Long-term exposure of people to the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun causes damage to the cornea, lens and retina. Therefore, the use of sunglasses with UV filters is recommended for eye care. ### 4. Control of underlying diseases Diabetes can cause damage to retinal blood vessels and lead to diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, which is one of the main causes of vision loss. In addition to diabetic retinopathy, diabetes also increases the risk of developing cataracts and glaucoma. Very high blood pressure causes the wall of the retinal blood vessels to thicken, narrow them, and as a result, reduce blood flow to the retina. In severe cases, the disease may cause retinal hemorrhages, swelling of the optic nerve, and even vision loss. High blood pressure also increases the risk of glaucoma. Controlling underlying diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and taking prescribed medications can help maintain vision health and thus reduce vision in old age. ### 5. Regular exercise Regular exercise can help improve blood circulation and increase oxygen supply to eye tissues. Also, regular exercise prevents damage to the eyes by controlling diseases such as diabetes and blood pressure, both of which cause damage to the retina and optic nerve. ### 6. Quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol Smoking is one of the causes of eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts. Nicotine in cigarettes reduces the blood flow in the eye and gradually endangers the health of the retina. Alcohol consumption also disrupts the coordination between the eye muscles by reducing the function of the central nervous system and may cause blurred vision, double vision and reduced sensitivity to light. Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation of the optic nerve, which in severe cases causes permanent vision loss. ### 7. Sufficient sleep to take care of the eyes To maintain health and care for the eyes, at least 5 hours of sleep per night is needed. However, the general recommendation for adults is 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, as this amount of sleep helps regenerate eye cells, maintain moisture on the surface of the eye, and reduce the risk of developing diseases such as glaucoma and dry eyes. ### 8. Avoiding looking at digital screens for a long time Today, many people spend a lot of time in front of digital screens, which can cause fatigue and strain on the eyes. To avoid this problem, look 20 feet (about 6 meters) away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes. (Rule 20-20-20) #### **Conclusion** With age, vision gradually weakens, but by taking a series of preventive measures, it is possible to prevent vision loss in old age. Many eye problems in the elderly can be prevented or controlled with simple care and early detection.