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What is urinary tract infection?

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a type of bacterial infection that affects the human urinary system. This system includes the kidneys, bladder, urethra, and ureters. Although this infection can occur at any age and in any gender, women are more exposed to it.
Urinary tract infection may occur due to the entry of intestinal bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli), into the urinary system. These bacteria are naturally present in the digestive tract, but when they enter the bladder or urethra, they can cause an infection. width="468" height="352" srcset="https://karajurology.ir/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/cystoscope-f.jpg 468w, https://karajurology.ir/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/cystoscope-f-300x226.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px">

Types of urinary tract infections

Upper urinary tract infection

This type of infection, which usually involves the kidneys and renal pelvis, It can be very serious and if not treated on time, it can lead to permanent kidney damage or even spreading the infection to other parts of the body. Common symptoms of this infection include high fever, chills, flank pain, nausea and vomiting.

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Urinary tract infection Lower

This type is more common and usually affects the bladder and urethra. Symptoms such as burning when urinating, frequent urination with a small volume, and a feeling of pressure in the pelvic area are its main symptoms. Due to the shortness of the urethra and its proximity to the anus, they are more exposed to urinary tract infections. The most common symptoms include the following:

• Burning when urinating: One of the early signs of infection is burning and pain when urinating.
• Urine frequency: The patient may need to urinate frequently, even if the volume of urine is small.

Common symptoms in men

Although men get urinary tract infections less often, if they do, they experience the following symptoms:

• Pain or burning during urination.
• The presence of blood in Urine.
• Pain in the lower abdomen or around the bladder.

Symptoms of urinary tract infection in children and the elderly

In children, symptoms such as fever, restlessness, and loss of appetite may indicate an infection. In the elderly, behavioral changes such as confusion or unusual fatigue can be a sign of a urinary tract infection. srcset="https://karajurology.ir/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/img010.jpg 468w, https://karajurology.ir/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/img010-224x300.jpg 224w" sizes="(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px">

causes and risk factors of urinary infection

causing microbial agents

Escherichia coli bacteria is the main cause of more than 80% of urinary infection cases. Other microorganisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus, and Staphylococci can also cause infection in some cases. bacteria into the urethra.

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Risk factors in men

• Prostate enlargement that leads to obstruction of urine flow.
• Use of urinary catheters or urological surgeries.

Conditions associated with increased risk

• Diabetes: High sugar in the urine can provide a suitable environment for bacteria to grow.
• Weak immune system: Diseases such as AIDS or the use of immunosuppressive drugs.

Methods for diagnosing urinary tract infection

Clinical examination and symptoms

Primary diagnosis is usually based on symptoms reported by the patient and physical examination.

Laboratory tests

Urine analysis

In this test, the doctor looks for signs of white blood cells, red blood cells, or bacteria in the urine.

Urine culture

This test is used to identify the exact type of bacteria and determine the appropriate antibiotic.

Treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI)

Drug treatment

Antibiotics

The doctor usually prescribes an antibiotic such as cephalexin, nitrofurantoin, or ciprofloxacin. The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of the infection.

Complementary treatments

Non-steroidal painkillers or antispasmodics may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.

Home remedies and natural

Using plenty of fluids

Consuming enough water helps remove bacteria from the urinary tract.

Using cranberries and supplements Natural

Consumption of cranberry juice can prevent bacteria from sticking to the wall of the bladder.

Methods to prevent the recurrence of infection

• Observe personal hygiene.
• Avoid keeping for a long time Urine.
• Using cotton underwear.

Dangers and complications of not treating a urinary infection

Spreading the infection to the kidneys

If the infection is treated on time If left untreated, it may spread to the kidneys and lead to inflammation and permanent damage.

Long-term effects on the kidneys and bladder

Repeated infections can weaken kidney and bladder tissues and impair their function.

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Lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection

Hygiene tips Daily

• Wash the genital area with lukewarm water and unscented detergents.
• Urine before and after sex.
• Use toilet paper from front to back.

Proper nutrition to prevent infection. Ha

Consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C such as oranges, strawberries, and kiwi can strengthen the immune system.

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Specific solutions for men and women

In women, topical estrogen creams may be helpful after menopause. In men, regular prostate examination is recommended.

Conclusion and final recommendations

The importance of prompt treatment

Urinary tract infection is common, but if Quick diagnosis and treatment can prevent its complications.

Consult a doctor in case of symptoms

If you have any symptoms such as burning, frequent urination, or pain, consult your doctor. Timely treatment can prevent more serious problems.

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