Causes and underlying factors: The most important cause can be reflux or return of urine from the bladder to the kidneys.which usually occurs in 30 to 50 percent of girls. It is seen in children that it can be the cause of urinary infection and increase the complications of urinary infection, especially in children. Therefore, if there is reflux, it is necessary to follow up.The next reason is that the child has problems with bladder control, as in the following cases:If a child holds his urine and goes to the bathroom late; Children who rush to the bathroom and cannot hold their urine; Children who may get a drop of moisture during the day and wet their clothes; Or children who are constipated can all be underlying factors of urinary infection. Other less common causes are spinal cord problems or urinary tract obstruction in children. This disease is more common in girls. It is usually seen between the ages of 7 and 11. It may be seen more in boys in the first year of life. The most important cause of office infection is reflux (return of urine from the bladder to the kidney). This cause can have genetic aspects, that is, the underlying factor can be hereditary, for example, if parents have reflux from the bladder to the kidneys, approximately 30 to 50% of their children will also have this problem, and if one of the children in the family has reflux, about 25 to 30% of other children may also have this problem.Symptoms:Symptoms of a urinary tract infection depend on whether the involvement of the urinary system is limited to the bladder or involves the kidneys as well. If the involvement is only the bladder, the symptoms are usually urinary frequency, burning, urinary incontinence, straining while urinating, bad smell of urine and in some cases Presence of fever (usually mild and less than one degree). Diagnosing bladder involvement is easy, because it has clear clinical symptoms.It is recommended that if the fever lasts for more than 2 or 3 days, a urine culture test should be done for the child.The problem of diagnosis is in children who have kidney involvement. Unfortunately, upper urinary tract infection that is associated with kidney involvement can be harmful and associated with subsequent complications. In clinical symptoms other than fever, sometimes there are no other symptoms. Of course, in some cases there is side pain, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, but sometimes it is just fever and there are no other symptoms. If a child has no symptoms other than a fever, both the parents and the concerned doctor should be concerned about a urinary tract infection. About 10% of children who have high fever and no other symptoms have pyelonephritis. It is recommended that if the fever lasts more than 2 or 3 days, a urine culture test should be done for them. which mainly includes antibiotics. Of course, if the child has a fever and is unwell, he should be hospitalized and receive antibiotics by injection and by serum, but if his condition is not so critical that he needs to be hospitalized, he can continue the treatment at home with oral antibiotics. If the child does not have a fever, but is not able to eat the antibiotic syrup for any reason, he should still be admitted to the hospital to receive antibiotics by injection. One of the other cases in which the doctor considers it advisable to admit the child is when he feels that the mother is not taking good care of the child and if the child goes home, he will probably not receive good care. Therefore, he decides to admit the child and ensure his recovery.

When parents suspect a urinary infection in their child, they should take him to a pediatrician. What the doctor must do for the child is to ask for a urine test. However, if the child is very ill and has a fever, the doctor will admit him. Other tests that need to be performed according to the doctor's diagnosis in the coming days are the preparation of a color photo of the bladder (VCUG) or ultrasound of the kidneys, which are necessary to check the health of the urinary tract and kidneys.

The length of the urinary infection treatment period is relatively long, between 10 days and 2 weeks. The important thing about the treatment of urinary infection is that when the treatment is over, the necessary follow-up must be done to clarify the main cause of the urinary infection. In other words, the doctor asks the parents to bring the child again for follow-up about one to six weeks after the end of the treatment. Then the doctor should check if there is a problem with the child's urinary system or not. Tests, such as a color scan of the bladder, are done after the child is fully recovered and the urinalysis no longer shows an infection to identify and treat possible urinary tract problems. When problems with the urinary tract are identified, the doctor decides whether these problems will go away as the child grows or if they require surgery. If we have to wait until the child gets better as he grows up, then he should take antibiotics during this time to prevent him from getting a urinary infection again.

If the child is not treated on time, the kidney tissues may be damaged and bad problems such as kidney failure and high blood pressure may come to the child in the future. Therefore, the treatment of urinary infection in children should not be postponed or left unfinished. Also, after the child is treated, you must take the follow-ups and referrals seriously. The purpose of these follow-ups and investigations is to prevent future complications of infection. If a child gets a urinary tract infection and this infection damages his kidney, this child should be examined for blood pressure and protein excretion in the urine until adulthood.

After the urinary tract infection is treated, it may be necessary for the child to continue taking antibiotics for a while to prevent him from getting a urinary tract infection again. We call this prevention with antibiotics or prophylaxis, which is done with the same normal antibiotics but with a lower dose. Children, especially under the age of 5 years, should take antibiotics until they have been fully examined for structural disorders of the urinary tract, and until the doctor makes sure that there is no problem with the urinary tract, the use of antibiotics should continue. But if there is a problem with the urinary system, the antibiotic must be continued. In some children, the use of antibiotics is particularly important to prevent further infections including children under 6 months, children who have a history of urinary tract infections, children who have urine reflux, children whose urinary tract examination shows obstruction, or children who have a weak immune system for any reason. In addition, children who frequently get urinary tract infections but at the same time do not have any problems in their urinary system, they also need to take antibiotics for a long time.