Part I: Causes of bad breath

1. Poor oral hygiene Not brushing teeth regularly, not using dental floss and not going to the dentist cause the accumulation of plaque and bacteria in the mouth. By decomposing food residues, these bacteria produce sulfur compounds that lead to unpleasant odors. 2. Dry mouth (xerostomia) Dry mouth reduces saliva production. Saliva plays an important role in cleaning the mouth from bacteria. A lack of saliva can cause the growth of bad-smelling bacteria. 3. Consumption of special foods Foods such as garlic, onions, coffee and alcohol can cause bad breath. These odors are usually temporary but will have a longer lasting effect if used continuously. 4. Gum diseases Inflammation and infection of the gums (periodontitis) can lead to bad breath. These diseases are usually associated with bleeding, swelling and pain. 5. Digestive problems Gastric reflux, constipation, or gastrointestinal infections can cause bad breath. In some cases, the smell of the mouth is similar to the smell of feces, which indicates its digestive origin. 6. Systemic diseases Diabetes, kidney failure, or liver disease can also cause bad breath. In these cases, treatment of the underlying disease is essential.

Part Two: Methods for detecting bad breath

- Dental breath test: Using special devices, the amount of sulfur compounds in the breath is measured.\* - oral and dental health examination: examination of the gums, teeth and tongue to find possible causes. - Gastrointestinal evaluation: If gastric origin is suspected, it is recommended to consult a gastroenterologist.

Part three: home remedies for bad breath

**1. Brushing and flossing ** Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to remove food residue and plaque. **2. Using antibacterial mouthwash** Mouthwashes that contain chlorhexidine or plant essential oils can reduce odor-causing bacteria. **3. Drink enough water** Adequate water increases saliva and reduces dry mouth. **4. Chewing gum without sugar** Gum stimulates saliva and cleans the mouth. **5. consumption of fresh vegetables** Vegetables such as parsley, mint and celery have antibacterial properties and help reduce bad breath.

Fourth section: specialized treatments

**1. Scaling and treatment of gum diseases** Specialist treatment by a dentist is necessary to remove deep plaques and control gum inflammation. **2. Treatment of dry mouth** The use of saliva stimulating drugs or saliva substitutes is recommended in severe cases. **3. Examination and treatment of digestive problems** In case of gastrointestinal origin, the treatment of reflux, constipation or infections is done by a gastroenterologist. **4. Treatment of underlying diseases** Treating diabetes, kidney failure, or liver disease can help reduce bad breath.

Part Five: Prevention of bad breath

- daily oral hygiene - Regular visits to the dentist (once every 6 months) Avoiding eating too much smelly food - Quit smoking and alcohol - Drinking enough water and eating healthy **Conclusion:** Bad breath is a common but treatable problem. This problem can be controlled by observing oral hygiene, modifying lifestyle and visiting a doctor if necessary. If your bad breath is chronic and does not go away with home remedies, be sure to see a specialist so that the root cause can be identified and proper treatment can begin.

05/27/1404

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