Allergy to metal and titanium implants + treatment Amytis

Cause The sensitivity of some people side effects treatment - Text size +

With dramatic advances in the field of dentistry, dental implants have become one of the most effective methods of replacing missing teeth. However, like any other therapeutic intervention, implants can also come with certain side effects. One of the concerns raised in recent years is allergic reactions to metals used in implants; Although it is rare, in some patients it can lead to symptoms such as inflammation, chronic pain, failure to weld the implant and even its retraction.

Metals such as titanium and its alloys are used in making implants due to their high biocompatibility. However, in some people, the immune system may identify these substances as foreign agents and cause an allergic reaction. In this article, we will examine the causes, symptoms, diagnosis methods and management strategies of implant metal sensitivity and analyze its role in the success or failure of implant treatment.

Also read:

Why are some people allergic to titanium?

Although titanium is known as one of the biocompatible metals and does not cause any negative reactions in most people, but in some rare people, sensitivity or allergy to titanium may be seen. The reasons for this sensitivity are a combination of immune, genetic and environmental factors.

1. Abnormal immune response (Hypersensitivity)

In some people, the immune system may mistakenly recognize titanium or its compounds as a foreign substance or invader and respond to it. This type of reaction is usually Type IV hypersensitivity, similar to the reaction seen in nickel allergy.

2. The presence of metal impurities (for example, nickel, vanadium, aluminum) in the titanium alloy

Implants are often made of titanium alloys, and although they are pure, they may contain traces of other metals such as nickel. Nickel is one of the common allergens and even a very small amount can cause a reaction in sensitive people.

3. Genetics and history of contact allergies

People with a history of allergy to metals such as nickel, cobalt, or chromium (for example, sensitivity to jewelry or metal buttons on clothing), may be more susceptible to allergy to titanium or its alloy.

Read more: Cause Swelling after implant

4. Corrosion process and metal ion release

In certain conditions, such as the presence of moisture, acids or contact with other metals, the surface of the implant may corrode and titanium ions are released. These ions can be recognized by the immune system and lead to an allergic reaction.

5. Non-allergic inflammatory reactions (Pseudo-allergy)

In some cases, allergic-like reactions are seen, but the origin is not a true allergy but a type of chronic tissue irritation or non-specific inflammation caused by long-term contact with the implant.

What is the incidence of implant sensitivity?

In the available studies, true sensitivity to titanium in dental implant patients is very rare. For example:

In a study of 1,500 implant patients, 9 people responded positively to the titanium sensitivity test, that is, about 0.6% of the total population. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Symptoms and symptoms of implant sensitivity

Symptoms of an allergic reaction to titanium or signs of the body rejecting the implant may include:

Swelling or bruising in the gums
pain or discomfort
Difficulty eating
Implant loosening or instability
Burning or itching sensation
Inflammation and redness in the area
Skin rash or itching
Continuous and unexplained fatigue

If the implants are causing you discomfort and you suspect allergy to titanium, the dentist can remove the implant and suggest a more suitable alternative solution. Note, however, that most patients experience some natural discomfort after implant surgery, which usually resolves within a short period of time.

In rare cases peri-implantitis (a type of infection) or implant rejection may occur, especially in smokers or with improper after-care.

In rare cases, peri-implantitis (a type of infection around the implant) or implant loosening may occur, especially in smokers or those who have not followed the post-operative care properly. affordabledentures.com

Titanium allergy tests

1. Blood test MELISA (Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay)

It is the most accurate and widely used test to check sensitivity to metals, including titanium.
In this test, a person's blood lymphocyte cells are exposed to metal ions and their immune response is checked.
MELISA can detect delayed type IV hypersensitivity, which is seen in many implant cases.
In developed countries (Germany, Switzerland, America) it is commonly recommended for patients with a history of allergies.

2. Patch Test

In this procedure, a piece of suspect metal or substance (such as titanium dioxide) is glued to the skin (usually the back or arm). After 48 to 72 hours, the skin is checked for reactions such as redness, itching, inflammation, or blistering. This test is mostly used for contact allergies and is more accurate for metals like nickel, but less sensitive for titanium.

3. LTT (Lymphocyte Transformation Test)

It is similar to MELISA and measures the reaction of blood lymphocytes to metals. Compared to MELISA, it may be less sensitive, but it is still used as a complementary test in some countries.

If the test result is positive, what should be done?

In case of confirmation of sensitivity to titanium:

The use of non-metallic implants such as zirconia (Zirconia) is recommended as an alternative.

In certain cases, implants with inert coatings or protective layers are used.

Read more: Cause of loosening Implants

How can you prevent sensitivity to implants?

Do a metal allergy test before implant placement

Check the history of metal allergy in the patient

Choose pure titanium implants or with very safe alloys

Use zirconia implants in sensitive patients

Complete oral and dental hygiene From surgery

Using protective coverings if necessary

Consulting with a doctor or dentist before choosing the type of implant

Exact control of the patient's immune system conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases)

Following care instructions after implant implantation

Symptoms of sensitivity to implants

Chronic gingivitis around the implant

Redness, swelling and abnormal bleeding of the gums

Pain Persistent or burning at the implant site

Looseness or instability of the implant

Feeling itchy or burning in the mouth or face

Creation of skin rash or rash in the face or neck area

Lack of fusion of the implant with the bone (lack of osseointegration)

Feeling Metallic or unusual taste in the mouth

Excessive and unexplained fatigue in the body (in systemic reactions)

Increased probability of peri-implantitis (infection around the implant)

Need to remove the implant and replace it

Read more:

1. Zirconia Implant (Zirconia Implant)

Ceramic implants made of zirconia are an excellent option for people with metal sensitivity due to the absence of metal. These implants are hypoallergenic, have the same color as natural teeth and create more beauty in the front areas of the mouth. Suitable for patients with gingivitis, because its white color attracts less attention if the gums recede.

2. Dental Bridge

Bridges fill the gap between teeth without the need for metal implants in the jawbone, using veneers that are attached to the side teeth. It is a non-surgical, quick and relatively cheap option to replace one or more missing teeth.

3. Partial/Full Dentures

Movable prostheses that are made partially or completely based on the number of missing teeth and placed in the upper or lower jaw.

4. Maryland Bridge

It is a special type of bridge that is attached to the back of the side teeth using metal or ceramic fins. Minimal tooth grinding, quick installation, and a temporary option to replace the front teeth are some of the advantages of this alternative.

Read more: Base implant Short

5. Prostheses based on mini implants (Mini Dental Implants)

A smaller type of implants that are placed in the bone but use less metal. In some special cases, they can be used by reducing the possibility of an allergic reaction.

Concluding remarks

Although titanium implants have been known for years as one of the most successful methods of replacing lost teeth, the occurrence of sensitivity or allergic reaction is an issue that should not be ignored. Knowing the warning signs, performing pre-treatment tests and choosing the right materials based on the individual characteristics of each patient can play an effective role in increasing the success of the treatment and reducing possible complications.

Scientific advances have provided patients with safer alternatives such as zirconia implants, which have opened new horizons in dental treatment with their hypoallergenic properties. Finally, consultation with a specialist dentist and following treatment recommendations carefully will be the best way to achieve effective, safe and lasting treatment.
Approved by:
Dr. Shaghaig Parvizi
Dental clinic Amytis
Amitis Dental Clinic, managed by Dr. Mohammad Parsa and specialized in cosmetic, restorative and implant treatments for more than 15 years, is one of the reputable dental clinics with modern equipment and experienced team in Tehran. This center has provided more than 10,000 successful services to patients, and Amitis Dentistry, in addition to treating domestic patients, has also treated international and foreign patients.
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