Schizophrenia.. a disorder that disrupts a person's life Schizophrenia is one of the most complex and controversial mental disorders that has a profound effect on the life of a person and those around him.. This disease not only affects the cognitive and emotional aspects of a person, but its general understanding is also associated with challenges.. The comprehensive definition of this mental disorder Schizophrenia is a chronic and complex mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, behavior and perception of reality. People with this disease may experience hallucinations (such as hearing voices that do not exist externally), delusions (unreal and illogical beliefs), and disruption in the organization of thoughts. Work and managing daily life. they have it... Timely recognition and treatment of this disease reduces its complications and leads to the improvement of a person's quality of life... Schizophrenia symptoms; From hallucinations to mental disorders Schizophrenia is accompanied by complex symptoms that can severely affect a person's life. These symptoms are classified into three main categories: positive, negative, and cognitive, and knowing them is an important step in understanding and managing this disorder. - **Illusion:** Hearing or seeing things that do not exist in reality.. such as hearing imaginary voices Delusions: false and irrational beliefs that cannot be changed even with evidence - **Disturbance in thinking and speech:** Discrete or illogical flow of thoughts that can lead to incoherent speech.. ** Social withdrawal:** Reducing interaction with others and avoiding social situations - **Decreased motivation:** Reluctance or inability to start or continue daily activities - **Emotional disorders:** Inability to express feelings or react inappropriately to situations - **Cognitive problems:** Reduced ability to concentrate, make decisions or solve problems Causes and factors of schizophrenia Schizophrenia is one of the most complex mental disorders, the exact cause of which is unknown.. but research shows that this disease is a combination of genetic, environmental and brain chemical factors.. Schizophrenia is more common in families where one of its members is affected by this disease.. Research has shown that the presence of certain genetic mutations can increase the risk.. The function of chemicals such as dopamine and glutamate in the brain is one of the most important factors in the occurrence of schizophrenia.. This Abnormalities can affect communication between nerve cells and cause symptoms such as hallucinations and cognitive impairment... ### Environmental factors Environmental factors such as extreme stress in childhood, traumatic experiences or exposure to viral infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia.... These factors act as a trigger for the disease in people who have a genetic background... The use of drugs, especially substances such as marijuana or amphetamines, in people who are genetically predisposed to schizophrenia can act as a stimulus and cause the symptoms of this disease. In addition, unhealthy lifestyle and chronic stress also play an important role in increasing the risk of developing this disease. Exposure to infections during the fetal period can also have a great impact on the development of the fetal brain and become the basis for the occurrence of schizophrenia in the future. Processes and challenges In the diagnosis of schizophrenia... to examine the history of mental health, behavioral patterns and cognitive changes... it is also necessary to perform physical tests and sometimes brain imaging to rule out the possibility of physical problems or other brain disorders that may cause similar symptoms.. Since the symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, may also be seen in other disorders such as major depression or bipolar disorder, this process requires more time. Withdrawal, which is often mistakenly ignored or attributed to other reasons. Also, the existence of false beliefs in society and social stigmas associated with mental illnesses may prevent patients from seeing specialists. These factors make the diagnosis of schizophrenia often delayed, which itself can Complicate the treatment and management of the disease... Schizophrenia treatment methods; From drug therapy to psychotherapy Schizophrenia treatment is a multifaceted process that aims to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life and help patients to better manage this disorder. Since schizophrenia is a chronic disease, its treatment is carried out continuously and with a combination of different methods. Pharmacotherapy is one of the main methods of treating schizophrenia and includes the use of antipsychotic drugs to control stabilizing symptoms and detoxification. Cognitive and behavioral functioning of the patient by affecting brain chemicals. Especially dopamine... Psychotherapy and especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps patients identify and manage their false beliefs and delusions.. It also teaches them how to deal with stress and stimuli that may exacerbate symptoms.. Relationships and daily life... ### Support and family support groups The role of family and support groups is very vital in the treatment of schizophrenia.... Families can help him recover by learning how to deal with the patient correctly and creating a safe environment.... Also, support groups can be an opportunity to share experiences and reduce the feeling of loneliness in patients.... ### New treatments and advanced technologies In recent years, the use of technologies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and digital tools such as symptom management applications have gained attention as adjunctive therapies... these methods, along with ongoing research, have created new hopes for better schizophrenia management. Read about schizophrenia... In recent years, extensive research has been conducted in the field of schizophrenia, which has led to a better understanding of the causes of this disease and improvement of treatment methods.. More targeted treatments such as drugs that directly new technologies such as advanced brain imaging (fMRI and PET) have played an important role in examining the brain function of schizophrenia patients. These methods allow scientists to more accurately identify the areas of the brain that are affected in schizophrenia. This research not only helps to improve the quality of life of patients, but also paves the way for the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease. Nurali; A pioneer in the treatment of schizophrenia and brain disorders Schizophrenia, as one of the most complex mental disorders, requires accurate diagnosis and specialized treatment. Due to scientific advances and the use of new technologies, today there are more hopes for the management of this disease.