Stuttering - Roniz
Happy Yalda
تهرانspeech therapy
Stutter
By Admin
26 Mehr, 1403
- Definition of stuttering: Stuttering refers to a speech disorder in which a person has abnormal interruptions in speech. These interruptions can be in the form of repetition of sounds, words or sentences, stretching of sounds or sudden stops in the middle of speaking. Stuttering can appear at any age, but it is more common in children between the ages of 2 and 5 who are learning to speak.
- Types of stuttering: Stuttering is divided into two main categories:
a. Acute stuttering (Developmental Stuttering) This type of stuttering is usually seen in young children who are learning speech and language. This type of stuttering usually improves over time, and many children eventually get over it without special treatment.
B. Chronic stuttering (Persistent Stuttering)
This type of stuttering can continue in old age, even in adulthood. In this case, stuttering may become more severe and lead to social and emotional problems.
- Causes of stuttering: The exact cause of stuttering has not yet been fully determined, but some factors may play a role in its occurrence:
A. Genetic factors
Research shows that stuttering may be more common in families, so genetic factors are probably influential in its occurrence.
B. Neurological factors
Some studies show that disorders in brain function and speech processing may play a role in stuttering. This may involve abnormalities in the neural connections between different areas of the brain that are responsible for speech.
c. Environmental factors
Environmental and social experiences such as mental pressure, anxiety and worry can affect the severity of stuttering. For example, children who are placed in stressful environments or with high expectations, their stuttering may worsen.
D. Psychological and emotional factors
Stuttering may be related to a person's emotions and psychological conditions. برای مثال، استرس، اضطراب و خجالت میتوانند منجر به تشدید لکنت شوند.
- علائم لکنت: علائم لکنت میتوانند در افراد مختلف متفاوت باشند، اما معمولاً شامل موارد زیر هستند:
تکرار صداها: فرد ممکن است صداها یا کلمات را چندین بار تکرار کند (مثلاً “م-م-ممن” به جای “من”).
کشش صداها: کشش طولانی در تولید صداها (مثلاً “ممااااا” به جای “من”).
وقفهها: توقفهای ناگهانی و غیرعادی در صحبت (مثلاً “من … میخواهم بروم”).
فشار یا تنش در صورت: برخی افراد هنگام لکنت ممکن است دچار تنش در صورت یا دیگر عضلات شوند.
احساسات مرتبط: اضطراب، خجالت، یا ناراحتی در موقعیتهای گفتاری.
- تشخیص لکنت
تشخیص لکنت معمولاً توسط گفتاردرمانگر (Speech-Language Pathologist) انجام میشود و شامل مراحل زیر است:
تاریخچه پزشکی: بررسی تاریخچه گفتاری فرد، علائم و زمان بروز لکنت.
ارزیابی گفتاری: ارزیابی تواناییهای گفتاری و زبانی فرد در شرایط مختلف، مانند مکالمات طبیعی و تحت فشار.
آزمونهای استاندارد: استفاده از آزمونهای خاص برای تعیین شدت و نوع لکنت.
- درمان لکنت: درمان لکنت معمولاً نیازمند یک رویکرد چندوجهی و فردمحور است. Treatment methods may include the following:
A. Speech therapy (Speech Therapy)
Speech therapists use various techniques to help a person control stuttering. These techniques may include breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and teaching speaking skills.
b. Social skills training
Therapists may help the person improve their social skills and feel more comfortable in social situations.
C. Managing stress and anxiety
Stress management techniques, such as meditation and breathing exercises, can help reduce anxiety and tension associated with stuttering.
D. Emotional support
Providing a supportive and non-judgmental environment for a person with stuttering can help them cope with their emotions and improve their communication skills.
e. Drug therapy
In some cases, if stuttering is accompanied by mental and emotional problems, the doctor may prescribe drugs to manage anxiety or depression.
- Stuttering management: Stuttering management requires time and patience. Family and friends can play an important role in creating a supportive and facilitating environment for a person with stuttering. The following tips can help:
Positive communication: Encourage the person to express their thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment.
Avoid pressure: Avoid pressuring the person to speak in a certain way or at certain times.
- Challenges and obstacles: Stuttering can lead to emotional and social challenges. These challenges may include:
Negative emotions: Stuttering may lead to negative emotions such as embarrassment, frustration, and lack of self-confidence.
Social problems: People with stuttering may experience difficulties in social situations, including the inability to communicate effectively.
Pressure from others: Criticism and misjudgments from others can cause pressure. to cause a stuttering person.
Conclusion
Stuttering is a common speech disorder that can affect a person's quality of life. With early diagnosis and appropriate intervention, many people with stuttering can improve their speaking skills and communicate more effectively with others. The support of family, friends and professionals can be very effective in this process.
