Kernicterus (Kernicterus) is a rare and preventable type of brain damage that can occur in babies with jaundice. Jaundice occurs when a large amount of bilirubin accumulates in the baby's blood. Bilirubin is a waste product produced by the breakdown of old red blood cells.

High bilirubin is normal for babies because their bodies cannot eliminate this substance as it should....Jaundice usually goes away on its own....but if the bilirubin level is too high and the condition is not treated, jaundice becomes icterus which can lead to brain damage....Jaundice is a serious condition that needs to be treated immediately.. GCORP LLC Read till the end.

Symptoms of icterus cornea

The symptoms of jaundice may appear in the first few days of a baby's life.. Jaundice causes the skin to turn yellow and the whites of the baby's eyes.. If you notice the following symptoms in your child, you should see a doctor immediately:

• Change in skin color to yellow or orange (usually starts from the face)
• Sleep disturbance or difficulty waking up
• Difficulty in eating (breast milk or formula)
• Extreme restlessness
• decrease in urine volume

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If you have such symptoms, you can consult an infectious disease doctor online and, if necessary, see an infectious disease specialist in person.

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In most cases, jaundice does not require treatment. However, if it lasts too long, it may lead to icterus.. Symptoms of icterus cornea can vary, but usually include:

• Drowsiness or lack of energy
• Uncontrollable or very loud crying
• Fever
• Difficulty eating
• Looseness or stiffness of the whole body
Abnormal eye movements
• Muscle spasm or decreased muscle tone

Other symptoms of Kern icterus that occur as the child gets older include:

• Seizures
• Muscle spasm
• Disorder in hearing and other sensory problems
• Inability to search
Staining of tooth enamel

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If you notice these symptoms, see a doctor or take your child to the hospital immediately.

Effects of Kern Icteros

Children with icterus may suffer from the following complications:

• Atoid cerebral palsy (movement disorder caused by brain damage)
Lack of muscle tone
• Muscle spasm
• Difficulty in maintaining coordination of movements
• Decreased hearing and deafness
• Problems with eye movements, including inability to look up
• Difficulty in speaking
• mental disability
• Stained baby teeth

The cause of icterus corn

Acteros often affects infants and is very rare in adults.... Adults may have high bilirubin levels, but this condition almost never leads to failure.... In this section, we look at the causes of elevated bilirubin in infants and adults.

Causes of icterus in babies

Keran's icterus is caused due to the lack of treatment of severe jaundice... Jaundice is a common problem among babies, which is caused by the inability of the liver to break down and excrete bilirubin and as a result the accumulation of this substance in the blood. There are two types of bilirubin in the body:

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If the unconjugated bilirubin is not converted to conjugated bilirubin in the liver, it will be deposited in the baby's body.... When the level of unconjugated bilirubin is very high, it will be removed from the blood and transferred to the brain tissue and can lead to icterus.. Conjugated bilirubin is usually removed from the blood..

There are various factors that can lead to irregular bilirubin accumulation in the baby's body, including:

1... Rh disease or ABO incompatibility

Sometimes, the blood type of the baby and the mother are not compatible.... If the mother is Rh negative, it means that her red blood cells do not have a certain type of protein.... If the baby of this mother is Rh positive, that particular protein binds to her red blood cells.... This condition is known as "Rh incompatibility".

In Rh incompatibility, some of the fetus's red blood cells can cross the placenta and enter the mother's bloodstream. The mother's immune system considers these cells as foreign agents and attacks the fetus's red blood cells by producing proteins called antibodies.

When the mother's blood type is O and her fetus has a different blood type, "ABO incompatibility" occurs, which is similar to Rh incompatibility, but with fewer complications... Currently, this problem is relatively common and increases the risk of icterus... But with proper monitoring and timely treatment if necessary, its complications can be prevented.

2... Crigler-Najjar syndrome

Children with this hereditary disease lack the enzyme necessary to convert unconjugated bilirubin into conjugated bilirubin.. As a result, bilirubin accumulates in their blood.

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3.... sulfonamide

Certain medications, especially antibiotics, play a role in causing icterus....Sulfonamides are a group of antibiotics that kill bacteria....Research has shown that sulfonamides may increase the risk of icterus.

Normally, unconjugated bilirubin binds to the albumin protein and travels through the bloodstream to the liver, where it is converted to conjugated bilirubin and excreted. Sulfonamides may increase blood bilirubin by dissociating bilirubin from albumin.

Risk factors of icterus in infants

The following factors increase the possibility of icterus:

• Premature birth: When a baby is born before 37 weeks, his liver is not complete and the excretion of bilirubin needs more time.
• Improper nutrition:Bilirubin is excreted from the body through feces... Improper nutrition reduces the bowel movements of the child.
• Family history of jaundice in infancy: This disease is seen in a number of families and may be associated with some hereditary disorders such as G6PD deficiency. G6PD deficiency causes red blood cells to break down very quickly.

If you have these factors, see a gynecologist.

Causes of icterus in adults

Factors that can increase bilirubin in adults include:

• Carpenter Crigler syndrome: is an inherited disease that makes it more difficult for the body to break down bilirubin.
• Dubin-Johnson syndrome: This rare, inherited disorder prevents the body from effectively removing bilirubin, but does not cause icterus.
• Gilbert syndrome: is a condition in which the liver cannot process bilirubin properly.
• Rotor syndrome: This is an inherited disorder that causes the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, but does not contribute to the development of icterus.

How to diagnose icterus cornea

3 to 5 day old babies usually have the highest bilirubin levels.... Babies should be monitored for jaundice every 8 to 12 hours for the first 2 days of life and then again before the 5th day of life.

The doctor can test the baby's bilirubin level before leaving the hospital by placing a photometer on the baby's head. This method shows the amount of bilirubin in the baby's skin...

Methods to treat icterus corns

Mild jaundice may not require treatment, but if the bilirubin level is too high or the fetus has certain risk factors (for example, was born prematurely), treatment is necessary to prevent icterus. Treatment options include:

1... adequate nutrition through breast milk or formula

If the baby is not getting enough food and fluids, bilirubin cannot be excreted through urine and feces....Newborn babies should wet their diapers at least 6 times during the day...Also, if they are getting enough milk, their stool color should change from dark green to yellow.

2... phototherapy (light therapy)

In this method, the baby's skin is exposed to a special blue light to break down the bilirubin.. In the past, experts thought that sunlight could help treat jaundice.. but now this method is not recommended, as it may lead to sunburn.... Although phototherapy may have temporary side effects (such as loose stools and skin rashes), it is much safer than sunlight.... During phototherapy, adequate fluid intake is very important.... therefore, breast or bottle feeding should be continued.... If the child is severely dehydrated If it is, he may need to be dehydrated.

3... blood transfusion

This method is recommended when the child does not respond to other treatments and it is necessary to reduce his bilirubin level quickly.

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Frequently Asked Questions

A final word about Kern Ikteros

Before the symptoms of icterus appear, brain damage has started....treatment can stop this damage, but it cannot reverse the damage....this is why monitoring the baby's bilirubin level is so important....If you are pregnant and concerned about your baby's health, you can consult a gynecologist at GCORP LLC and an obstetrician or consult a neonatologist.

Sources: webmd, healthline