Introduction of cataract surgery

One of the most common eye diseases is cataract, which grows with age and causes clouding of the lens of the eye, disruption of light focus on the retina and, as a result, blurred vision. The cause of cataract disease is still not fully known, but the main reason is the change of lens protein by free radicals. Cataracts are cured by surgery, one of the most famous cataract surgeries is cataract surgery, in which the doctor replaces the cloudy lens with a clear synthetic lens. Cataract surgery is generally performed with three methods, which we will introduce in the following, stay with us.

The causes of cataract and its treatment

Cataract disease requires treatment and surgery only when it causes disturbance in daily activities. But if this disease has not progressed and is mild, it does not need treatment. You might think that cataracts are an age-related disease. But it must be said that many factors are effective in the occurrence of this disease and may cause it at a very young age. Getting this disease does not happen at a certain age and it mostly occurs in the following people:

• People who have diabetes.
• People who have endocrine diseases such as parathyroid.
• People who are exposed to eye infections.
• People who use tobacco continuously.
• People who have a hereditary history of cataract disease and will have congenital disease.
• A person who has had an eye surgery or suffered a severe injury to his eye.
• People who are associated with intense light with red color in their daily affairs.
• People who have had radiotherapy.

Who should have cataract surgery?

If the patient's cataract is mild, he can see better with the help of glasses or a magnifying lens or by creating a brighter place. But when the disease progresses, the symptoms will become more and worse, and the person's vision will become cloudy or completely disappear, and the patient may develop double vision. Occurrence of these types of vision problems causes problems in reading, working with computers, etc., and the person is required to undergo cataract surgery.

One of the warning signs for the patient is very difficult vision in the dark. Also, sensitivity to car headlights while driving is another symptom. Cataract disease, if advanced, may cause a person to be very sensitive to all kinds of light, including sunlight, and the patient may see a halo around any luminous object. Sometimes the cataract becomes so large that it completely occupies the space inside the eye and causes an increase in eye pressure, which is very dangerous.

methods of cataract surgery

After the blurred vision worsens and the disease progresses, it is necessary to use one of the three important surgical methods to treat it according to the doctor's diagnosis. Before surgery, the expert doctor checks the power of the lens and by measuring the size and shape of the eye, chooses an artificial lens based on the curvature of the cornea and gives you instructions. The surgery starts with anesthesia and the doctor reduces the activity of the eye nerves with the help of anesthetic drops and drug injection so that the patient suffers less pain.

Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification method

One of the most important and common methods of cataract surgery, which is used by doctors worldwide, is Fico eye surgery, which is sometimes performed without stitches or incisions. But sometimes, a doctor specializing in this method removes the clouded lens with the help of a Fico device and puts an artificial lens or lens in the patient's eye instead. In most cases, the Fico method is more than 95% successful, and it is done on an outpatient basis and is completed in less than half an hour.

Capsular cataract surgery

This method is usually uncomplicated and more advanced and is performed if the Fico method is not effective. In this procedure, the eye doctor makes a large incision in the eye and removes the lens completely from the eye. Since the lens of the eye is very large, it cannot be removed piece by piece. The duration of treatment in this method is a little long and the number of stitches to close the wound is more.

reasons for failure of cataract surgery

As said, this operation is one of the least risky and most successful operations in 95% of the time. But sometimes five percent will fail, which has its own reasons, the main reason for this failure is the presence of other problems such as glaucoma or malacula in the person's eye, or the lens for the eye was not chosen correctly by inexperienced people. Also, complications such as bleeding may occur in the patient due to the lack of proper care and the occurrence of infections after surgery.

Can cataract surgery be performed in two eyes at the same time?

As both of your eyes suffer from cataracts and blurriness, you can perform cataract surgery on your eyes within a few days; In this way, after the recovery of the first eye, the surgery of the second eye will be performed. Of course, sometimes some experienced specialists operate on two eyes at the same time with the help of the SBCS method and make the work easier for the patient. One of the advantages of surgery on two eyes together is that time is saved and the disease recovers faster. Dear ones, you can consult experienced specialists and doctors for cataract surgery at the same time for your eyes so that they can introduce you the best and most appropriate method.

Is it possible to renew for cataract surgery?

The need to renew the surgery in this safe operation rarely occurs, and in fact, cataract surgery is a one-way operation, and you are not able to return the cloudy and natural lens of your eye to its previous state. However, if there is a problem with the artificial lens (IOL) installed in your eye and the posterior capsule of the lens causes blurring of the patient's vision, it can be replaced again with the help of surgery. Blurred vision caused by the posterior capsule of the lens is also known as secondary cataract, which usually occurs after one or more years after surgery and can be treated with laser.

Effective factors in reducing cataract disease

Having a proper diet rich in vitamins, antioxidants and useful and rich substances, eating fresh fruits and vegetables and using sunglasses with standard and high UV will prevent cataracts. Also, not using tobacco and alcoholic beverages plays a significant role in reducing the risk of contracting this disease.

Very important points after cataract surgery

After you have undergone cataract surgery, it is necessary to observe some important points so that the recovery period can be completed easily.

• After completing your surgery, be sure to use standard and high-quality sunglasses and avoid exposure to sunlight as much as possible.
• Avoid driving during the day and rest more at home and in the dark.
• In the first days after your eye surgery, never sleep on your eyes and do not neglect the protective cover.
• Feeling itchy and burning in the first days is normal, but make sure you should never rub your eyes.
• Regular and timely use of medicines prescribed by the doctor is very important. This helps a lot to prevent the occurrence of eye infections.
• Never go to the swimming pool until the first month until your eyes are fully healed.
• Until your eyes fully recover, avoid wearing eye make-up and being exposed to dust and pollution, and if the weather outside is stormy or there is a lot of dust outside the house, stay at home and if your work is obligatory, wear sunglasses before leaving the house.
• Two weeks after surgery, the person can gradually start his daily activities and start watching TV and reading books.
• Complete improvement and clarity in the patient's vision is usually achieved between one and two months, and at this time you can proceed to determine the grade of prescription glasses and evaluate your vision.
• In the first week after cataract surgery, avoid lifting heavy objects and heavy physical activities such as bodybuilding.
• Another point is that people worry that the appearance of their eyes will change with cataract surgery. But we must point out that after the operation of the patient, there will be no change in the appearance of his eyes and only the quality of his vision will improve. The only change in appearance that may occur in the patient's eye is the brightening of the lens of his eye and the reflection of more light.

Final speech of cataract surgery

We hope that this medical article on cataract surgery was useful for you. You, dear ones, can share your questions, comments, criticisms and suggestions with us in this field.