تعریف پوسیدگی دندان

پوسیدگی دندان (Caries / Tooth decay) فرایندی تدریجی است که در آن ساختار دندان — ابتدا مینای دندان و سپس عاج و در صورت پیشرفت، پالپ — تخریب می‌شود.

پوسیدگی زمانی رخ می‌دهد که باکتری‌های دهان (مثل Streptococcus mutans و لاکتوباسیل‌ها) قندها و کربوهیدرات‌های قابل تخمیر را مصرف و اسید تولید می‌کنند. این اسید باعث «دمینرالیزاسیون» (از دست رفتن مواد معدنی) مینای دندان می‌شود. If left untreated, tooth enamel weakens, cavities form, dentin tissue is damaged, and ultimately pulp infection may occur.

As a result, the tooth becomes sensitive to temperature, pain occurs, white or brown spots may appear, and in more advanced stages, it may even lead to tooth loss.

Why prevention is important

• Caries Tooth is one of the most common oral and dental diseases and can occur at any age.

• If it is identified and controlled in the early stages, it can be prevented with simpler methods.

• If care is not taken, it may be necessary to fill, nerve extraction or even tooth extraction, which has more costs, pain and consequences.

Because of this prevention, not only oral health

Preventing tooth decay at home

• Regular and correct brushing: twice a day (eg morning and night), at least two minutes, with a suitable toothbrush and gentle circular movements and covering all surfaces of the teeth; Do not forget the internal surfaces and molars.

• Dental floss: daily use of dental floss (or water jet) to clean the spaces between the teeth that the toothbrush cannot reach. This is very important to remove plaque and food particles.

• Fluoride toothpaste: Using fluoride toothpaste helps strengthen the tooth enamel and its resistance to acid.

• Drink enough water and stay hydrated: Water helps wash away food particles and produce more saliva — saliva plays an important role in neutralizing acids and protecting teeth.

• Regular dental visits: Regular checkups can detect and treat early decay or hidden areas between teeth (not visible to the naked eye).

What to eat to prevent tooth decay

Nutrition plays an important role in the health of teeth. Some foods and micronutrients directly help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.

• Calcium and Phosphorus: These minerals are essential for the strength of tooth enamel and jaw bone structure. Good sources: dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese), fatty fish, green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts.
  
  

• Vitamin D: important for better absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D deficiency can weaken tooth enamel and increase the risk of tooth decay. Vitamin C: Helps maintain gum health and prevent gum disease — healthy gums help protect teeth.

• Foods that stimulate saliva: Fiber-rich fruits and vegetables such as carrots, celery, apples—produce more saliva. Saliva helps to naturally clean the mouth and neutralize the acid.

• Avoid excessive consumption of sugar and sweets: Frequent consumption of sugar and starch feeds bacteria, produces acid and as a result decay.

Which vitamin deficiency causes tooth decay

One of the most important vitamins in this field is Vitamin D. The lack of vitamin D affects the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and as a result, the tooth enamel becomes weak and the possibility of decay increases. Also, vitamin C is important for the health of the gums and the protection of the gums, and its deficiency may endanger the health of the gums and promote tooth decay.

Herbal medicine to prevent tooth decay / traditional medicine / "Salt water to prevent tooth decay"

Besides scientific and health methods, some people are looking for natural solutions or traditional medicine for dental health. Some sources recommend:

• Oil of Oregano: Oregano is said to have antimicrobial properties, and using it (for example, as a mouthwash or adding it to homemade toothpaste) may reduce the growth of harmful bacteria.

• Some herbs and spices — such as mint, basil, fennel seeds — are used in traditional medicine for oral health. They are recommended.

• Regarding salt water, it cannot be said with certainty that salt water prevents decay. In modern dental articles and sources, more effective methods such as toothbrush + fluoride + floss are suggested.

⚠️ Although traditional medicine and home remedies may be supportive, “none” of these are substitutes for brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups.

Reduce tooth decay / prevent further tooth decay

To reduce risk To prevent tooth decay and further damage, you must have a comprehensive approach:

1. Daily oral hygiene (brush + dental floss) and use fluoride toothpaste.

2. A balanced diet with necessary nutrients (calcium, phosphorus, vitamins) and avoiding excessive consumption of sugar and sweets.

3. Consumption of sufficient water and stimulation of saliva with fiber foods.

4. If necessary, fluoride treatment by a dentist (fluoride therapy), especially if you are prone to caries.

5. Regular dental examinations — early detection of caries and timely repairs.

Is there a pill to prevent tooth decay? ("Pills to prevent tooth decay"

In cited dental sources: Fluoride is recommended in the form of toothpaste or mouthwash. Some sources also refer to "fluoride therapy" in the dental office. Related article:
The best calcium tablets for teeth

Although there may be supplements or tablets containing fluoride in some countries, it is not recommended to use "tablets to prevent tooth decay" without medical supervision. Fluoride should be consumed in an appropriate amount according to age and oral health status.

How to prevent tooth decay from stomach acid

Another potential factor mentioned in some texts is stomach acid - especially in people who suffer from reflux or frequent vomiting. Stomach acid can erode tooth enamel and lead to decay.

• If you have heartburn or reflux, it is important to consult your doctor/gastroenterologist and dentist.

• After exposure to acid (e.g. vomiting), it is best to rinse the mouth quickly with water (not toothpaste) to neutralize the acid — but it is best to consult a dentist.

In people with gastric reflux (GERD):

Gastric acid has a pH of about 1 and tooth enamel, which has a normal pH of ~6.5, dissolves quickly. Teeth

Scientific recommendations:

✔ 30 minutes after vomiting or acid reflux, don't brush your teeth
because the amount of acid softens the tooth enamel and the toothbrush will scratch it.

✔ Rinse your mouth only with water or water + baking soda.
(just rinse – do not scrub)

✔ Eating acid neutralizing foods Such as:

• Bananas

• Baked potatoes

• Dairy products

• Very little baking soda

✔ Consultation with a gastroenterologist

The latest views and scientific evidence (2024-2025) about tooth decay prevention

In recent years, several studies have been published. which not only confirm that classical methods of prevention - such as the use of fluoride - are effective, but also pay attention to the optimization of the prevention path and its personalization.

The importance of personal prevention and risk assessment

A newly published study in 2025 by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIOM) shows that the best way to manage caries is "personalized prevention". That is, instead of everyone receiving a fixed recommendation, recommendations should be tailored based on lifestyle, diet, saliva production, caries history, and other individual factors.

For those at low risk, regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and routine examinations are sufficient; But high-risk individuals may need more measures such as fluoride varnish, high-concentration fluoride gels, or dental sealants to protect tooth surfaces.

Emphasis on fluoride toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash

A systematic review published in 2024-2025 showed that toothpastes containing fluoride are one of the most effective ways to reduce the incidence of caries. Its regular use—especially with sufficient fluoride concentration and the correct brushing method—is effective in reducing the rate of tooth decay.

Also, a 2025 study on patients who have orthodontics (i.e. with a fixed device in the mouth) showed that using fluoride mouthrinse during treatment reduces early caries.

Diet, sugar and the role of nutrition

A new study (2024) in children and adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean examined how consuming fluoride-containing substances (such as foods or water) helps reduce caries. The results emphasize the importance of combining fluoride with proper nutrition and reducing sugar consumption.

Also, a 2024 study found that changing eating style and reducing sugar intake (i.e. dietary control) is even more effective than brushing with fluoride alone, provided it is done correctly.

Supplements, Probiotics, and New Approaches

In recent articles, researchers have argued that adding probiotics (beneficial bacteria) or pre-/probiotics to an oral hygiene program, along with fluoride, may further help reduce caries.

In addition, in the toothpaste and mouthwash industries, new ingredients (such as calcium, phosphate, zinc, or anti-plaque compounds) They are being developed to strengthen and remineralize tooth enamel in addition to cleaning teeth.

Combining a scientific perspective with natural and home methods

Although traditional and home medicine methods are always controversial, combining them with scientific methods can be effective — provided they are done with caution and awareness.

• Using enough water + proper hydration: Drinking enough water and stimulating saliva production helps remove food particles and acid, and saliva plays a vital role in acid neutralization.

• Reduce sugar and acidic foods/beverages: Instead of sugary snacks and acidic drinks, eat fibrous fruits and vegetables that both stimulate saliva and leave less food particles on the teeth.

• Use sugar-free gum after meals: This can increase saliva production and help clean the mouth.

However, it is necessary to note: treatment or prevention with medicinal plants or traditional medicine alone cannot replace proven scientific methods.

Conclusion from recent scientific evidence

• According to new meta-analyses, the use of fluoride varnish and fluoride mouthwash has a significant and lasting effect in reducing caries.

• Fluoride toothpaste is still the cornerstone of caries prevention; Combining it with a proper diet and daily care gives the best results.

• A "personalized prevention" strategy — that is, tailored to individual needs and risk — is more effective than general, one-size-fits-all advice.

• Supplements, probiotics and new ingredients in toothpaste or mouthwash may help in the future of prevention, but still need more evidence.

Daily nutritional plan to prevent tooth decay

Research recommendations in recent years show that diet, if followed even more carefully than brushing, can have a significant effect on reducing tooth decay. have decay Following is a recommended daily meal plan to reduce caries:

Good breakfast for teeth:

✔ Milk or yogurt rich in calcium
✔ Eggs (source of phosphorus - to help build strong enamel)
✔ Whole grain bread and grains
✔ A low acid fruit such as apple or pear

🚫 Avoid:
✖ Cake, sugary bread, jam, sweets, Sweet Nescafe first thing in the morning
because sugar activates bacteria immediately.

Suggested snack:

✔ Sugar-free gum with xylitol
✔ Almond or walnut
✔ Carrot or cucumber

Scientific reasons:

• Xylitol prevents acid production by mouth bacteria.

• Healthy fats Walnuts and almonds prevent gingivitis.

• Fibrous vegetables stimulate saliva.

Suitable lunch:

✔ Brown rice or quinoa
✔ White meat, fish, or beans
✔ Vegetable salad with little lemon juice

🚫 Soft drinks, energy drinks, sugars Liquid

Reason:
Liquid sugar quickly penetrates into tooth tissue and acid is produced.

What should we eat to strengthen teeth?

According to new scientific data, the following compounds have the most effect:

1. Ingredients containing vitamin D

• Salmon fish

• Liver

• Egg yolk

✔ Task: better absorption of calcium and phosphorus

2. Foods rich in phosphorus

• lentils

• peas

• cheese and milk

✔ Task: restoration of tooth enamel minerals

3. Strong sources of vitamin C

• Yellow and red bell pepper

• Kiwi

• Orange

✔ Task: improving gum tissue

Any receding of the gum causes the tooth root to become visible and decay increases.

A substance to prevent tooth decay — Remineralizers

According to new studies, the following materials are at the forefront of strengthening tooth enamel:

✨ Fluoride (the most proven substance)
✨ Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)
✨ Nano hydroxyapatite

Nano hydroxyapatite (Nano-HAp) has replaced modern fluoride in some countries in recent years because:

✔ with natural tooth enamel It is compatible
✔ Makes the tooth surface more transparent
✔ It is less dangerous for children

Now some European toothpastes use this ingredient.

Prevent further tooth decay

If decay has started, according to the new guidelines of the American Dental Association:

In the initial stages of decay

⬤ there is no need to shave the tooth
⬤ All you need is:

Fluoride gel or fluoride varnish
Less sugar consumption
Regeneration of minerals
Use of specialized toothpaste

This method is called Minimal Invasive Dentistry.

Why is this research important?

In the past, every white spot on the tooth was shaved off immediately
But now it is proven:

❗ The enamel of your body It is capable of repair
provided the correct conditions are met

This means:
being inexpensive
painless
no injection
no bleeding

Preventing tooth decay in children

Children under 6 years old are at the greatest risk of decay because:

❗ They do not have complete and strong saliva.
❗ They do not control their nutrition.

Golden recommendations:

✔ Brushing should be done by the parents, not the child.
✔ Use age-specific fluoride toothpaste.
✔ Snacks are the worst cause of caries. شیر ساده
🥜 مغزها
🍏 میوه کامل (نه آب‌میوه)

داروی گیاهی برای جلوگیری از پوسیدگی دندان

رویکرد گیاه‌درمانی مکمل است و جایگزین علمی نیست اما موارد گیاهی زیر بیشترین تأیید پژوهشی را دارند:

🌿 میخک (Clove Oil)
دارای eugenol → ضد‌عفونی‌کننده طبیعی

🌿 چای سبز
دارای کاتچین‌ها → ضد میکروب

🌿 روغن نارگیل برای Oil Pulling
نتایج گزارش‌شده:

• کاهش پلاک

• کاهش باکتری‌های دهانی

• بهبود بوی دهان

🌿 زردچوبه
اثر آنتی‌سپتیک و ضدالتهاب

✔ اثبات نشده که پوسیدگی را درمان می‌کند.
✔ اما می‌تواند عامل تکمیلی کاهش پلاک باشد.

قرص برای جلوگیری از پوسیدگی دندان (نی‌نی‌سایت – سوال پرتکرار)

آنچه مردم زیاد سرچ می‌کنند:
آیا قرص ضد پوسیدگی وجود دارد؟

✔ پاسخ علمی:
به صورت مستقیم “قرص ضد پوسیدگی” وجود ندارد.
اما:

☑ مکمل ویتامین D
☑ مکمل Ca+Mg
☑ قرص زایلیتول

غیرمستقیم خطر پوسیدگی را کاهش می‌دهند.

💡 اما مصرف خودسرانه این قرص‌ها
به خصوص در کودکان ممنوع است.

چون باعث اختلال معدنی شدن استخوان یا دندان می‌شود.

نتیجه‌گیری تخصصی مقاله

تحقیقات سال‌های ۲۰۲۴ و ۲۰۲۵ نشان می‌دهد که:

⭐ پیشگیری شخصی‌سازی شده
⭐ رژیم غذایی دقیق
⭐ تقویت بزاق
⭐ فلوراید و نانو مواد معدنی
⭐ کنترل قند
⭐ معاینه منظم

بالاترین اثر را دارند.

❗ مهم‌ترین خطاهای مردم که باعث پوسیدگی می‌شود:

❌ مسواک پس از اسید معده
❌ مسواک سریع بعد از غذا
❌ خوردن شیرینی با فاصله کم
❌ نخوردن آب کافی
❌ تصور غلط درمان پوسیدگی با گیاه

و اکنون ثابت شده است:

🎯 پیشگیری درست = صفر درمان تهاجمی