آلرژی دارویی

آلرژی دارویی

واکنش های دارویی مختلفی به داروها وجود دارد. حساسیت دارویی را باید از سایر انواع واکنش ها مثل آثار جانبی معمول خود دارو ، تداخل دارو، تب دارویی ، عوارض ناشی از مصرف بیش از حد دارو افتراق داد. حساسیت دارویی به صورت واکنش هایی آلرژیک ظاهر می شود که می تواند از بثورات پوستی ساده تا واکنش های شدید و تهدید کننده حیات باشد.

شیوع آلرژی دارویی

۵% بالغین حساسیت دارویی واقعی دارند. ۱۵درصد بالغین به اشتباه گمان می کنند که حساسیت دارویی دارند. شیوع حساسیت دارویی در کودکان کمتر از بزرگسالان است . Drug sensitivity is more common in hospitalized patients.

Causes Drug allergy

Antibiotics and painkillers are the most important They are the causes of drug allergies.

Reaction Drug allergies

Drug allergy reactions may be categorized based on time of onset:

• Immediate: which occurs less than an hour after drug administration and usually causes shock, hives, and shortness of breath.
• Moderate: starts within the first 3 days after taking the drug, which can cause hives, laryngeal edema, and wheezing.
• Late: after 3 days, which causes skin rashes, blood disorders, vascular involvement, and serum sickness in addition to the symptoms mentioned.

Symptoms Drug allergy

• Hives
• Skin rashes that The most common form of drug allergy is especially in children.
• Light sensitivity
• Erythema multiforme : A type of severe skin reaction with skin-mucous lesions that may lead to severe and crusty blisters
• Respiratory symptoms
• Anemia as a result Destruction of peripheral cells occurs.

Identification Drug allergy

First, the patient should be asked questions about that Ask what medicine he is currently taking and the dosage and duration of its use. because The possibility of a drug reaction to drugs that are used repeatedly or chronically It is less than drugs that have been taken recently. Measurement of drug-specific IgE in a person's serum for a drug Consumed is not very helpful. Because many drugs are allergenic when They are attached to a protein carrier inside the body. Skin test in Medicines like penicillins are useful.

Scratch or prick test to check drug allergy It is safer than other methods, but it is less certain than the intradermal test. If the skin tests are positive The drug is not prescribed to the patient. While there is still a risk of allergy in a negative drug test . In some drugs such as penicillin In more than half of the patients who have a negative skin test have, drug consumption may be safe. In controlled conditions and in cases of routine tests, we are not sure of the type The test is also called drug challenge test. Do in severe drug reactions Allergy diagnostic test is prohibited.

Treatment Drug allergy

The medicine must be stopped by the doctor If there is an urgent need to prescribe medicine despite a severe allergy from the drug desensitization method is used In cases of needing a drug that has a suspected history of causing allergies Administration of antihistamines before the drug Comment helps to make it safe.

Allergy Medication in children

Children with a history of nasal allergies and asthma are more susceptible to drug allergies than others. Children whose parents are allergic to antibiotics are more likely to develop drug sensitivity to antibiotics. Some children with chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and AIDS are more prone to drug sensitivity.