Jaw surgery or orthognathic surgery is a specialized method for correcting jaw misalignment and can be effective in treating problems such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), malocclusion, and obstructive sleep apnea.. Due to its high complexity and the need for a relatively long recovery period, this article has a relatively long recovery period.. GCORP LLC We will examine the procedure of this surgery, the recovery period and its side effects... In addition, you can see the photos before and after the jaw surgery.

How is jaw surgery different from jaw surgery?

Orthognathic surgery is a procedure that changes the bony structure of the jaws and puts the upper and lower jaws in the correct position relative to each other. Jaw misalignment can negatively affect the bite (how the teeth fit together) and cause difficulty in eating, chewing, and speaking.

• First, orthodontic treatment is performed to prepare the teeth before orthognathic surgery.
• Orthognathic surgery aligns the upper and lower jaw.
• Orthodontic treatment after surgery continues until the teeth reach their final position and are fixed in that position.

Although there are exceptions.. but most people cannot do orthognathic surgery until the growth of their jaws is complete, that is, until the end of adolescence.. On the other hand, oral and maxillofacial surgery is a broader specialty that includes orthognathic surgery.. Other treatments of this type of surgery include:

• Pulling hidden teeth
• Surgery of tumors and cysts
• Treatment of fracture
• jaw joint surgery (TMJ) and broken jaw surgery
• Bone regeneration
• cleft lip and palate
Jaw cancer
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Learn more: Jaw angulation

What specialists does a maxillofacial surgeon work with?

In complex cases, the maxillofacial surgeon may collaborate with other medical professionals to achieve the best results for the patient. The orthodontist plays an important role in adjusting and aligning the teeth before and after surgery.

In cases where there is a need for changes in the nose, chin or other parts of the face, a plastic or cosmetic surgeon may be present with the surgical team... In addition, in rare and special cases where orthognathic surgery is performed in the vicinity of nerves or brain structures, it may be necessary to collaborate with a neurosurgeon.

What are the facial changes after jaw surgery?

Orthognathic surgery can make significant changes in the appearance of the face, both in terms of structure and beauty... These changes are caused by the displacement of the jaw bones, which affects the soft tissues and the overall harmony of the face.

Also, adjusting the position of the upper jaw (upper jaw) and lower jaw (lower jaw) can change the proportions of the face. For example, moving the jaws forward can increase the prominence of the face and make the chin more prominent. Conversely, moving the jaws back can result in a flatter profile.

In 2-jaw surgery, especially in cases where the upper jaw moves forward, the nose area (laugh line) may change significantly. These changes may include changes in the position of the tip of the nose, the length of the upper lip, and the angle of the nose of the lip. In addition, correcting jaw discrepancies can help improve the post-surgery smile.

Types of jaw surgery

The three main types of orthognathic corrective surgery are:

1.... Maxillary surgery (maxillary osteotomy)

This type of operation is used when the upper jaw is too far forward or backward... Different types of upper orthognathic surgery are:

a) Le Fort I osteotomy

This is the most common type of upper orthognathic surgery.. In this method, a horizontal incision is made above the teeth to allow the upper jaw to move in different directions, i.e. forward, backward, up or down.

b) Segmental Maxillary Osteotomy

In this method, the upper jaw is divided into parts to correct specific dental or skeletal abnormalities. This type of surgery is usually used for patients who have complex jaw disharmony or asymmetry.

2... Lower jaw surgery (mandibular osteotomy)

Mandibular osteotomy, which is usually called lower orthognathic surgery, is a corrective method to treat jaw deformities and deformities. This operation not only helps to improve the beauty of the face.

A) Mandibular Advancement surgery

This type of surgery is performed to correct the position of the lower jaw that is too far back (retrognathic) and it is also called lower jaw surgery.. This condition can cause problems such as difficulty in chewing, speech disorders and obstructive sleep apnea.

The most common technique used to correct this problem is Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO). In this method, the maxillofacial surgeon makes precise cuts on both sides of the lower jaw to move it forward. The new jaw is fixed using plates and screws.

b) Mandibular Setback surgery

This type of operation is performed to treat a prominent (progenetic) mandible and is also called mandibular surgery.. Like forward jaw surgery, the BSSO technique is also used to retract the jaw.

In this case, the lower jaw moves backwards to be in the correct position of the upper jaw and is fixed with screws and plates... It should be noted that jaw contraction can reduce the airway space, which may lead to sleep apnea... Therefore, careful evaluation and consultation with a maxillofacial surgeon is necessary before surgery.

3... 2 jaw surgery (bimaxillary osteotomy)

2-jaw osteotomy surgery is a complex orthognathic procedure designed to correct severe jaw misalignment. In this procedure, both the upper jaw (upper jaw) and lower jaw (lower jaw) are moved. Because in some cases, chin operation (genioplasty) is also performed to increase the overall fit of the face... Keep in mind that genioplasty is not always a part of orthognathic surgery and may or may not be performed based on the individual's problem... The main techniques of double maxilla osteotomy surgery are:

• Le Fort I osteotomy: In this technique, the maxilla is moved to correct vertical, horizontal, or transverse misalignments.
• Bilateral Sagittal Osteotomy (BSSO): In this procedure, the mandible is moved forward or backward to achieve proper alignment.

This surgery is usually recommended for people who have problems such as severe malocclusion (tooth misalignment that cannot be corrected with orthodontics), facial asymmetry, obstructive sleep apnea, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD).

4.... other orthognathic surgeries

Other types of orthognathic surgery include:

• Jaw surgery after orthodontics: Orthognathic surgery is usually performed after orthodontic treatment to correct skeletal abnormalities that cannot be corrected with braces alone.
Jaw surgery after rhinoplasty: performing orthognathic techniques after rhinoplasty can also change the appearance of the nose due to changes in the facial structure.. For this reason, it is recommended to perform orthognathic surgery first and then nose surgery.
• High jaw surgery: The term high jaw usually refers to the front of the lower jaw or chin lift, which can cause facial disproportion and bite problems... Techniques used to correct this condition include mandibular contraction (BSSO) or genioplasty.
• Maximum surgery for a gummy smile: Excessively showing gums (a gummy smile) is often the result of vertical maxillary elevation. An orthognathic surgeon can reposition the maxilla to reduce the visibility of the gums and enhance the beauty of the smile.

Complications of jaw surgery

While this surgery is usually safe and effective... but like any other surgery, it can have various risks and complications, which include:

• Infection: Like all surgeries, orthognathic surgery is associated with the risk of infection, especially at the incision site. This problem can usually be controlled with antibiotics.
• Nerve damage: One of the most worrying side effects of this surgery is nerve damage, which can lead to numbness, tingling or loss of sensation in areas such as the lower lip, chin, or gums. In most cases, this problem is temporary. But in some cases, it may become permanent.
• Bleeding: Significant bleeding may occur during or after surgery.. The use of anticoagulants such as warfarin or similar drugs before surgery can also increase the risk of severe bleeding...
Jaw disorders: the healing process can sometimes lead to jaw movement limitation, discomfort or difficulty in chewing. These symptoms are usually temporary, but they may require physical therapy for complete resolution.
• Reverse Effects: Sometimes the jaw may return to its original position after surgery.. especially if post-surgery instructions regarding diet, physical therapy and rest are not strictly followed.
• Scars: Despite efforts to reduce the scar, some patients may have significant scarring.. especially if the incision is made externally.
• Death in jaw surgery: In some materials, complications such as allergic reactions or breathing problems may occur during surgery due to anesthesia... Blood clots may also form after surgery, especially in the legs, and if they reach the lungs (pulmonary embolism), they are life-threatening.

Summary

In this article, we examined jaw surgery and its methods.... As mentioned, jaw surgery is a specialized and effective method for correcting jaw disharmony and problems related to biting and facial function.... In addition to improving aesthetics, this surgery can also improve functional problems such as chewing, speaking and breathing.

If you feel any problems with your jaw and face, we recommend you to consult a maxillofacial surgeon about this.... You can visit the website GCORP LLC and consult with the best specialist doctors including online maxillofacial surgery doctor.... GCORP LLC also provides you with the possibility of online examination.. Face-to-face maxillofacial surgeon, with Make an appointment with the specialist you want.

Frequently Asked Questions

Source: clevelandclinic | mayoclinic