ضربه مغزی یک آسیب‌دیدگی شدید مشابه آسیب‌دیدگی‌های دیگر است. جایی که شباهت ضربه مغزی با آسیب‌دیدگی‌های دیگر به پایان می‌رسد یک لحظه است. در یک لحظه فرد زندگی عادی و طبیعی خود را دارد و در لحظه بعد زندگی وی به طور ناگهانی تغییر پیدا می‌کند. در بیشتر جنبه‌های دیگر، ضربه مغزی بسیار متفاوت است. از آنجا که مغز ما مشخص می‌کند که ما که هستیم، عواقب ناشی از ضربه مغزی بر همه جوانب زندگی از جمله شخصیت فردی ما تأثیر می‌گذارد. ضربه مغزی متفاوت از شکستگی اندام‌ها یا سوراخ شدن ریه است. آسیب‌دیدگی در قسمت‌های دیگر بدن باعث محدود شدن کارکرد همان قسمت می‌شود اما شخصیت و توانایی‌های ذهنی تغییر پیدا نمی‌کنند. در غالب اوقات، این ساختارهای بدن بهبود یافته و می‌توانند مانند گذشته به کار خود ادامه دهند.

ضربه مغزی متوسط ممکن است باعث اختلالات موقتی در سلول‌های مغزی شود. ضربه مغزی‌های جدی‌تر ممکن است باعث ایجاد کبودی، پارگی بافت‌ها، خونریزی و آسیب‌دیدگی‌های فیزیکی دیگر شده که عواقب بلند مدت یا مرگ را به دنبال خواهد داشت. مشکل ضربه مغزی باید فوراً زیر نظر متخصص جراحی مغز و اعصاب درمان شود تا از عواقب وخیم تر که گاهی منجر به مرگ می شود در حد امکان پیشگیری شود.

علل

ضربه مغزی به دلیل وارد آمدن ضربه به سر یا بدن به وجود می‌آید. میزان آسیب‌دیدگی می‌تواند به عوامل مختلفی مانند ماهیت اتفاق و شدت ضربه بستگی داشته باشد. A concussion may involve one or more of the following factors:

• Damage to brain cells may be limited to parts of the skull that are directly hit.
• A strong blow or jolt may cause damage to multiple areas of the brain as the brain moves back and forth in the skull.
• Severe rotation or rotational jolts may tear cellular structures.
• Disintegration like an explosive device may cause extensive injuries in the brain.
• An object sinking into the skull may also cause severe and irreparable damage to brain cells, blood vessels and protective tissues around the brain. Disrupt the brain and cause widespread brain damage.

Symptoms

Concussion may cause extensive physical and psychological effects. Some signs and symptoms may appear immediately after a concussion, and some symptoms will appear after a few days or weeks.

Mild concussion

Some signs and symptoms of a mild concussion include:

• Loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes
• No unconsciousness, but the presence of fatigue, confusion or incoordination
• Headache Pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Feeling extremely tired or drowsy
• Sleep disturbances
• Sleeping more than usual
• Dizziness or imbalance
• Sensory problems such as blurred vision, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth and changes in the ability to smell
• Sensitivity to light or sound
• Memory problems or Concentration
• Mood changes or mood swings
• Feeling depressed or anxious

Moderate and severe concussions

Moderate to severe concussions include the symptoms of mild concussions in addition to the following symptoms that may be seen in the early hours after the accident or a few days after.

• Loss of consciousness from a few minutes to several Hour
• Constant headache or a headache that gradually worsens.
• Frequent nausea and vomiting
• Seizures
• Dilation of one or both pupils
• Clear fluid discharge from the nose or ears
• Inability to wake up from sleep
• Incoordination in the body
• Severe confusion and confusion
• Agitation, fighting or behaviors Other abnormalities
• Language stuttering
• Coma and other disturbances of consciousness

Symptoms in children

Toddlers or minors who have suffered a concussion may lose their communication skills to express headaches, sensory problems, confusion, and similar symptoms. The following may be observed in children with concussions:

• Changes in feeding and feeding habits
• Continuous crying and inability to comfort them
• Easy or unusual excitability
• Changes in concentration abilities
• Changes in sleeping habits
• Feeling depressed or sad
• Reluctance to play with toys or do activities Interest

When to go to the hospital

You should always go to the doctor when the child's head or body is hit and it causes you concern or when you see behavioral changes in him. If you see the signs and symptoms of a concussion after hitting your child's head, you should call an emergency medical center. The terms mild, moderate and severe are used to describe the effect of trauma on brain function. A minor injury to the brain may be serious and requires extra care and attention and accurate diagnosis.

People at risk

People who are more vulnerable to concussions include:

• Children, especially newborns to 4-year-olds
• Young people, especially people between the ages of 15 and 24.
• Elderly people They are over 75 years old.

Altered consciousness

A moderate to severe concussion may cause permanent changes in a person's consciousness, awareness, or reactive behaviors. Different states of consciousness are:

• Coma: A person who has gone into a coma is not conscious and aware and does not react to stimuli. This occurs due to extensive damage to all parts of the brain. After a few days to a few weeks, the person either comes out of the coma or enters the vegetative stage. Vegetative state: Extensive damage to the brain causes the person to enter the vegetative stage. Although the person is unaware of their surroundings, they may open their eyes, make sounds, react to reflexes, or move. It is possible to remain in a vegetative state permanently, but in most people, it progresses to partial consciousness. In patients following a stroke, if they do not come out of the vegetative state for three months, this state will become permanent, but the vegetative state after concussions takes up to a year to recover, and then the vegetative state will become permanent.
• Minimum consciousness state: Minimal consciousness state is a state in which consciousness changes drastically, but some signs of self-awareness or awareness of the environment are seen. This is often a transient state from coma or vegetative state to further recovery. Locked-in syndrome: A person with locked-in syndrome is aware of their surroundings but unable to speak or move. The person may be able to communicate with eye movements and blinking. This condition occurs due to injuries to the lower part of the brain and brain stem. This condition rarely occurs after a trauma, and usually a stroke in this part of the brain causes this condition. Brain death: Brain death occurs when there is no measurable activity in the brain and brain stem. Removal of respiratory devices in people who are diagnosed as brain dead causes cessation of breathing and eventually heart failure. Brain death is not reversible.

Prevention

Reduce the risk of concussion by following these tips:

• Seat belts and airbags: Always wear seat belts in the car. A child must always sit in the back seat and wear a seat belt that is appropriate for their size and weight.
• Drug and Alcohol Use: Do not drive while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, including prescription drugs that can impair your driving abilities.

Casket: When riding a motorcycle, Be sure to wear a helmet if you ride a bike, skate, or snowboard. Also, use appropriate equipment to protect your head when playing baseball or high-impact sports, skiing, skating, snowboarding or horseback riding. panel-widget-for-3396-0-1">