Hereditary diseases or genetic disorders refer to a set of diseases that are caused by changes in a person's genetic material and are passed from one generation to another. In fact, the occurrence of genetic abnormalities and diseases occurs as a result of mutations or changes in the body's chromosomes. We must treat this in this article from GCORP Magazine LLC, you can learn everything you need to know about various inherited diseases and genetic disorders.

What is a genetic disease?

Genetic disease happens when a mutation or abnormality affects a person's genes and causes a certain disease in him.... More than half of the genes in our body are received through our biological parents.... Genetic mutations may be passed from one or both parents to the child.... Sometimes the symptoms of genetic disorders in some of the individual's genetic, chromosomal, active and non-random genes It is inherited.. or due to exposure to certain conditions by environmental factors.

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Types of genetic disorders

Hereditary diseases and genetic disorders have different types.... Below you can learn more about the types of hereditary diseases.

Single-gene hereditary disease

Unigenic or monogenic inherited diseases occur when genetic changes occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene. Single gene disorders are usually autosomal dominant (passed through one parent), autosomal recessive (passed through both parents), and through the X chromosome. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, Huntington's disease, and hemochromatosis The most common hereditary diseases are monogenic.

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Multifactorial hereditary disease

Environmental and hereditary factors are involved in the occurrence of multifactorial or multigenic hereditary diseases.. Diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's, arthritis, diabetes, cancer and obesity are classified as multifactorial hereditary diseases. General practitioners benefit from the guidelines.

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Chromosomal abnormalities

This type of genetic disorder is related to the number and structure of chromosomes.. In fact, chromosomal abnormalities usually occur as a result of problems related to cell division.. Diseases such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and crying cat syndrome are among the most common abnormalities in cats..

Mitochondrial disorders

In the last category of genetic disorders is the hereditary disorder of mitochondria.... This disorder occurs due to mutation of mitochondrial non-nuclear DNA.... Each mitochondrion contains 5 to 10 circular DNA.... Egg cells preserve mitochondria during fertilization and therefore these diseases are inherited only from mother to child like my letroclotic diseases.... Epilepsy in category Mitochondrial disorders.

Learn more: Huntington's disease

Types of hereditary diseases

Many diseases are classified as hereditary diseases and are caused by genetic disorders in the body... You can learn more about the most common hereditary diseases.

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome is one of the most common hereditary diseases and the most well-known chromosomal disorder, which is caused by the presence of 3 copies of chromosome number 21.... People with Down syndrome have special mental and physical symptoms.... This disease has no cure to date, and statistics show that one out of every 700 people has this disorder.

Hemophilia

Another common hereditary disease is hemophilia, which is caused by defects in the blood coagulation system.. There is no definitive treatment for this disease, and to control it, blood clot preservation drugs, tissue adhesives, and regular DDAV are used.

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Sickle cell anemia

A genetic disease and anemia disorder that causes the abnormal appearance of hemoglobin.... In this disease, hemoglobin molecules are clustered together and therefore do not easily pass through the capillaries.... Intravenous fluid injection, treatment of underlying infections, blood transfusion and bone marrow transplant are used to treat this disease.

Celiac disease

Celiac is a common digestive disease that causes sensitivity to the protein found in wheat and barley... People with celiac disease should not use products containing gluten, because if used, the body's immune system attacks the intestinal cells... These people should use gluten-free diets to prevent symptoms.

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Homocystinuria

This genetic disorder causes a disturbance in the digestion of some amino acids in a person.. In fact, people with this disease do not have the ability to digest the amino acid methionine, and that is why they have problems after consuming these proteins.... This disease has no cure, but taking high doses of vitamin B6 can help reduce the symptoms of the disease

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Crohn's disease

A type of genetic disease related to the intestine that causes inflammation in the digestive system... This painful disease, also called ileitis or enteritis, can cause problems and inflammation in the intestine from the mouth to the anus.... Crohn's disease does not have a definitive cure, but the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, cortisone or antibiotics can help reduce the symptoms of the disease and the use of.... On the other hand, in some cases, surgery is required for treatment. is..

Cystic fibrosis

The hereditary disease of cystic fibrosis causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and vital organs of the body and affects mucus cells, sweat and also digestive juices.. To treat cystic fibrosis, drugs such as antibiotics, expectorant drugs and some non-steroid cases are usually used to treat it, anti-inflammatory drugs.. Treatment.

Congenital defect

Many birth defects such as cleft lip, neural tube defects, and heart problems are hereditary diseases at birth that are caused by genetic factors or excessive alcohol consumption in the fetus. Surgical procedures can be used to treat some birth defects.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's is one of the types of genetic disorders that causes the loss of memory and thinking power and makes a person unable to do simple daily tasks.... This disease starts slowly and increases in severity over time.

Hypothyroidism

This hereditary disease, which usually occurs in women over 60 years of age, occurs when the thyroid hormone is not secreted enough in the body and causes diseases such as obesity, joint pain, and heart disease.... It is possible to treat hypothyroidism by taking pills and drugs, as well as changing lifestyle.

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MS disease

MS disease is another type of genetic disease that affects the brain and spinal cord and causes a person to lose balance, vision and senses.... In this autoimmune disease, the body's immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord that control the central nervous system, causing paralysis and organ failure.... To treat MS, a person must change his lifestyle, relax his lifestyle and use a method.. Traditional medicine is also used for treatment. MS disease is effective... the use of oral drugs and bone marrow stem cell transplantation are also among the most common methods of treating this disease.

Color blindness

Color blindness is a genetic disease related to the X chromosome that causes a person not to recognize certain colors. In fact, people with color blindness see certain colors as gray and black. Glasses, lenses or special gene therapy can be used to treat color blindness.

Zali

A type of genetic disease that causes the amount of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes to be zero, and for this reason, the color of the hair and skin of these people is completely white... Pale people usually have gray, blue or light hazel eyes.

Thalassemia

In this disease, the person's body does not produce enough hemoglobin, and as a result, not enough oxygen reaches the body's organs.... People with thalassemia have different symptoms according to the severity of the disease and are known as minor and major.... According to the severity of the disease, these people must use blood transfusions or supplement pills for treatment.

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Symptoms of genetic disorders and hereditary diseases

Genetic disorders have a very wide scope and naturally, the type of disorder can lead to various symptoms in the body....but usually these diseases appear in special forms that sometimes cause external abnormalities and sometimes special diseases....Some of the most common symptoms of genetic disorders and hereditary diseases are listed below.

• behavioral disorders
• breathing problems
• cognitive defects
• Development delays
Digestive problems
• body abnormalities
• Motion disorders
• Nervous problems
• Poor growth
• visual reduction
• Hearing loss

The cause of hereditary disease

To understand the cause of hereditary disease and genetic disorders, it is better to first explain a little about how genes and DNA work.... The DNA in our body's genes is needed to make proteins in the body.... These proteins initiate complex cellular interactions and help our body stay healthy.

Now, if a mutation occurs, the protein-making instructions of the genes are affected and the protein-making process becomes difficult.. Usually, environmental factors such as exposure to chemicals, exposure to harmful radiation, smoking, and exposure to ultraviolet rays are effective in causing genetic mutations..

• abnormalities in chromosomes
• abnormality in a specific gene
• Occurrence of abnormality caused by environmental factors
Abnormalities caused by teratogens

Read more: Hydrocephalus disease and its effects on the body

Hereditary disease treatment method

Most genetic disorders and hereditary diseases do not have specific treatment, and some of them have treatments that prevent the progression of the disease and the occurrence of symptoms to some extent... Usually, the type of treatment is considered according to the type of disease and its severity... Of course, early diagnosis of hereditary diseases is the best way to prevent the progress and control the disease.

• In many cases, drugs and chemotherapy methods are used to control symptoms and treat hereditary diseases.
• Adherence to diet and lifestyle changes can help reduce the symptoms of genetic disorders to a great extent.
• In many cases, to treat genetic disorders and repair abnormal body structure or to treat complications, it is necessary to undergo surgery.
• Organ transplantation and replacement of a healthy organ with a damaged one is another method of treating genetic diseases.

Methods for diagnosing genetic disorders

If you have a family history of a genetic disorder, genetic testing can reveal what diseases you have or are at risk of developing a particular genetic disease.. In many cases, carrying a genetic mutation does not mean that a person will get that disease, but exposure to certain conditions and failure to maintain health can lead to the appearance of disease symptoms in a person.

• To diagnose genetic disorders, it is usually necessary for you and your partner to have a blood test before pregnancy to make sure you have the potential to develop a particular genetic disorder.
• Before birth, screening tests are performed to determine the percentage of the fetus suffering from chromosomal diseases.
• Prenatal diagnosis tests are performed in order to investigate genetic disorders in the fetus and are considered the best way to diagnose hereditary and genetic diseases.
• Newborn screening is done to detect genetic disorders early in life.

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The method of preventing hereditary diseases

Usually, there is no specific way to prevent hereditary diseases... However, early detection of genetic diseases and also not being exposed to factors that aggravate the disease can be effective in preventing it.

• In order to prevent the transmission of hereditary diseases to the next generation, men and women should perform the necessary genetic tests before trying to get pregnant.
• Use of medications, drugs, alcohol and an unhealthy lifestyle can increase the risk of developing genetic diseases.
• To prevent the transmission of hereditary diseases, it is sometimes necessary to create an embryo by artificial insemination and to be examined for genetic disorders.

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Summary

Today, with the advancement of medical science, there are many treatment and prevention methods for genetic diseases.. Performing genetic tests before pregnancy as well as early diagnosis of family diseases can be very effective in controlling the symptoms of the disease and eliminating it.

Sources: clevelandclinic, medicinenet