- Bahman 20, 1403 - oral and dental health, bleaching, scaling, denervation -

What are the types of black teeth and their treatment? What is the cause of black teeth? In what cases is dental veneer recommended? Black teeth can be a sign of an underlying dental disease that should not be ignored. The color of the teeth usually ranges from white to off-white and off-white gray. The teeth take on a white color due to the amount of calcium in the tooth enamel. Enamel is the hard outer covering of the tooth. Calcium is a white natural substance. Teeth get most of their color from calcium. However, you can have a combination of other materials in your teeth that can add shades of gray and yellow. Black teeth can be caused by many reasons. In the following, we will explain more about the causes of black teeth. ### Types of tooth blackening Tooth stains are divided into three main types: **External:** These spots appear as a result of damage to the outer layer or tooth enamel. **Internal:** The cause of tooth blackening from the inside can be yellowing or darkening of the internal structure of the tooth or dentin. **Age spots:** The cause of this type of spots is a combination of internal and external factors. ### Types of tooth stain colors Stains can be classified into internal or external two categories based on their cause. Internal stains are located in the tooth structure, while external stains usually result from the accumulation of chromatogenic substances that accumulate on the external surfaces of the tooth, mainly in the shell. While intrinsic stains can only be removed by chemical methods and the use of bleaching agents, extrinsic stains can be removed by removing the agent or using methods such as dental scaling. **external spots** o Green: Chromogenic bacteria and fungi (Penicillium and Aspergillus species) caused by poor oral hygiene are often seen in children with tooth enamel abnormalities. o Orange: chromogenic bacteria (Serratia marcescens and Flavobacterium lutescens) caused by poor oral hygiene. o Brown stain: tar from smoking, chewing and tobacco, and food and drink pigments and tannins. o Yellow: accumulation of bacteria Blue-green stain: Mercury and lead dust o Black red spot: chewing betel nut, betel leaf and lime (pan); It is found in Western Pacific and South Asian cultures. **Internal spots** o Dental fluorosis (white to brown mottled tooth enamel): excessive intake of fluoride during tooth enamel development. o Demineralization (white or brown spots on tooth enamel, may be smooth or rough): Acid erosion of tooth enamel caused by oral biofilm. o Tetracycline (grayish-brown color change): tetracycline use during tooth development. Now you may be asked what could be the cause of blackened teeth? > Tooth color change and its reasons > > The change in tooth color and what are its reasons? ### The cause of blackened teeth Teeth are made up of three layers: • Enamel: This is the hard outer layer of the tooth. • Dentin: Dentin is the layer under the tooth enamel. It contains microscopic tubes that allow heat, cold, and acid to stimulate nerve endings. Damage to tooth enamel can expose dentin. • Pulp: It is the center of the tooth. Dental pulp contains blood vessels, connective tissue and nerves. Teeth appear black due to discoloration of tooth enamel. Teeth may turn black for external or internal reasons. #### External causes of black teeth External causes of teeth darkening come from outside the teeth. These can include the following: • Damage to tooth enamel • Stains • Tartar accumulation Some of the direct causes of this issue are: • Frequent eating or drinking of a dark food product such as coffee • Taking certain medications, such as liquid iron supplements • Using special mouthwashes and toothpastes • Use of tobacco • Crowns and fillings made with silver sulfide #### Internal causes of black teeth A tooth may also appear black when there is internal damage to the tooth. The most common causes of blackened teeth in these cases are caries. For example, a tooth with a pulp infection or a dead tooth may turn black. The damage starts from within and reaches the surface. The black color of the tooth may first appear as spots and eventually cover the entire tooth if the person does not visit the tooth. > What is tooth abscess, its causes and treatment > > What is tooth abscess, you will read its causes and treatment in the following article ### How to treat blackened teeth To treat black spots, you should seek the help of a dental specialist to identify the problem and the source of the problem. Fortunately, we at **Dr. Roshan Talab Dental Clinic** can examine the black spot and recommend the appropriate treatment for it. #### • **spots outside** External stains are usually removed by normal descaling. This is a professional cleaning procedure that can be performed by a dentist. A tool called an ultrasonic scaler is used to remove black spots on the tooth surface through ultrasonic vibrations to remove tartar deposits or stains. Then polishing is done to smooth the surface of the tooth. However, even after scaling and polishing, stains on the teeth can return after some time. This is due to wrong habits such as smoking and using tobacco or drinking coffee or alcoholic beverages continuously. In order to keep your white teeth for a longer time, you should modify your habits and try to quit them. Using a straw to drink colored drinks and rinsing your mouth with water afterwards will also be useful. #### **• internal spots** Internal stains are more difficult to remove; Because it affects the inner dentin. Therefore, a professional teeth whitening treatment by a dentist is essential. There are two options here: in-office whitening or at home with home kits. Both use whitening agents such as hydrogen peroxide that penetrate deep into the layers of the tooth to break down the dark spots into smaller particles. This makes the teeth appear whiter. You can also use whitening toothpaste or other over-the-counter products to help remove stains. However, the concentration of these products is much lower than those used in the dental office. However, in some severe cases of fluorosis or tetracycline stains, teeth whitening is not enough to cover the brown or black stains. In such cases, the dentist may recommend a special crown to cover the stained teeth. #### **• tooth decay** When black spots on teeth cannot be removed by scaling and polishing or whitening, you may be dealing with a decayed tooth. Decay develops on the surfaces of the teeth, resulting in black or brown cavities that must be removed and cleaned by the dentist. A new filling material is placed on top to close the hole. A commonly used restorative material is composite resin, which is a tooth-colored material to maintain aesthetics. > Stages of tooth decay and its treatment > > We examine the stages of tooth decay and its treatment in the following article. What is caries and what damage does it cause to the teeth as well as its treatment. Stay with us. ### Prevention of blackening of teeth Black teeth are not only unattractive and not pleasant to look at, but in many cases they can be associated with considerable pain. As a black tooth gets worse, it can lead to more problems below the gum line and other problems, so preventing them from happening in the first place is a smart choice. Once you've treated your black teeth, the following tips can help reduce the chance of them recurring: #### **• Increasing oral and dental hygiene**: If black teeth don't inspire you to take better care of your oral health, then what will make you take your oral health seriously? Taking oral and dental health seriously with proper brushing and flossing helps prevent black teeth. Children can benefit from education in this field and parents should ensure the oral health of their children. #### Take care of your gums: People naturally focus on problems with their teeth, but the gums can also be an important factor in many dental problems. Make sure you brush your gums gently as part of your routine to prevent bleeding gums and floss regularly between teeth. #### **• Try mouthwash or gum**: The blackness of the teeth caused by stains and the accumulation of mass, plaque and other temporary symptoms can be reduced by using mouthwash and special whitening gums. You can also try to avoid certain problem foods that stain your teeth as much as possible. ### How to treat blackened teeth In the following, we will learn about 5 methods to treat black teeth: #### 1. crime Removing dental plaque, especially black dental plaque, is considered an important measure to maintain oral health, and if not taken seriously, it will damage the teeth and gums over time. In this method, stubborn plaques are removed from the teeth by means of special pens. Acids produced by bacteria and dental plaques can erode tooth enamel, and if scaling is not done on time, more extensive measures such as filling or even root canal treatment may be needed. #### 2. Bleaching **Teeth bleaching** is one of the most specialized methods of whitening and removing black teeth in adults. In this method, nothing is added to the tooth structure and the bleaching agent works like Vitex, which is called chemical whitening. Whatever the cause of black teeth, this method can remove all the stains and colors created. #### 3. Composite In addition to removing the stain on the blackened tooth, this method is also used for partial tooth restoration, such as small fractures, tooth filling, reducing the distance between teeth, repairing tooth wear, and other such things. Dental composite candidates must have general oral and gum health and no severely decayed or broken teeth. #### 4. Dental veneers This method is one of the best ways to protect restored and damaged teeth. **Tooth cover** is a fixed cap in the shape of a natural tooth that completely covers the desired tooth. With the help of a veneer, your tooth will look exactly like a natural and healthy tooth. #### 5. Repair of decayed teeth In superficial caries, the dentist removes the decayed part and repairs the tooth with special materials to treat the pain of the blackened tooth. If the decay has reached the root of the tooth; All decay must be removed and a new crown placed on the upper part of the tooth. In severe caries, the only way to remove the blackness of the tooth is to extract the damaged tooth. ###