What is pelvic anatomy? What is the anatomy of the pelvis? What parts does the pelvis consist of? What is the bone and joint structure of the pelvis? What is the innominate bone? What is the sacrum? What are the pelvic floor muscles? What is the anatomy of vessels and nerves of pelvis and acetabulum? ### **Anatomy of the pelvis** The hip joint is one of the largest joints in the body. and carries the entire weight of the body. which is placed between the spine and the lower limbs. The most important part of the pelvis in terms of movement is the hip joint. ### **What parts does the pelvis consist of?** The pelvis is formed by the connection of the acetabulum and the femur. The hip joint is below the acetabulum cavities. Apart from vessels, nerves and muscles, the pelvic ring contains digestive, urinary and reproductive organs. In this article, we are talking specifically about the movement parts of the pelvis, which includes its bones, muscles, vessels, and nerves. **What is the bony and joint structure of the pelvis?** The pelvis is made up of the connection of three bones, which are: - Two innominate bones - A sacrum bone (sacrum) in the middle **What is the innominate bone?** The clavicle is made of a square and irregular bone that is slightly bent in the middle. Two of these bones in the human body, one on the left side and the other on the right side, are connected by a joint. and create a pelvic girdle. **Bone is characterized by joining and connecting three bones such as:** **Ilium:** A thick and prominent edge that can be felt in the lower part of the side area is called iliac. The iliac is the largest and widest part of the hip and is located on top of it. And the enlargement of the ilium causes the formation of the wings of the ilium. These ilium wings have two internal and external surfaces. In addition, the ilium forms the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum. **ischium:** The ischium forms the posterior and inferior part of the hip bone. The trunk of the ischium arises from the upper and lower horns. **pubis:** The ligaments between the two pubic bones are placed in front and somewhere next to each other. It is also the most anterior part of the hip bone, which consists of three parts, including: **Terna pubis**: The trunk of the pubis on the opposite side is articulated at the symphysis pubis. Also, this trunk is located medially. **Upper horn (ramus) of the pubis:** It is a part of the acetabulum that extends from the trunk to the lateral side. **Inferior horn (ramus) of the pubis:** It extends from the trunk to the ischium. **What is the sacrum?** The sacrum or sacrum is located at the bottom of the lumbar spine. This bone has nerve roots and is considered as the last vertebra at the back of the pelvis, between two bones. **Capsule of the hip joint** The joint capsule is called the cavity of the acetabulum and the head of the femur inside it. This joint capsule is made of a membrane like human skin, but this membrane is made of very strong and flexible tissue. Above, this capsule is connected to the circumference of the acetabulum cavity and below to the neck of the femur. Due to this strong capsule, the hip joint has the largest range of motion in the body after the shoulder joint, because inside this capsule there is a liquid called joint fluid. This joint fluid is present in femoral head and acetabulum cavity. The presence of this liquid in the bone makes the movement of the joint easier and smoother and nourishes the joint cartilage. An article that may interest you is the best cartilage builder ### **Pelvic floor muscles are special** The task of these muscles is to control the excretion of urine and feces, which attach to the lowest parts of the pelvic bones. ### **Anatomy of vessels and nerves of pelvis and acetabulum** Lumbar and sacral nerve networks Lumbar and sacral plexus is said to be the nerve roots between the lumbar and sacral vertebrae (sacrum) which are connected to each other and create an interwoven nerve network. These neural networks branch off from important nerves. These branches are: **Obturator:** The name of a bony ring in the innominate bone. which is located in front of the pelvis. Also, the outer side of this hole is the sitting bone and the inner side is the pubic bone. **Thigh skin:** The direct branch of the lumbar plexus and another important branch of the anterior nerves is the lumbar plexus. which originates from the back branch of the second and third lumbar nerves. **Sciatica:** It is the most important nerve that passes through the pelvic area, especially at a very short distance behind the hip joint. And it is true from the connection of the nerve roots that come out of the lower back vertebrae. The sciatic nerve does not give a branch to the pelvic region and goes to the lower limb. It is also known as the thickest nerve in the body and is as thick as the index finger. **femoral or femoral:** The femoral nerve also passes in front of the hip joint. in such a way that it has passed from the inner surface of the hip joint and near the obturator nerve to the groin. Also, this nerve, in addition to the activity of the quadriceps muscle, causes the movement of the groin muscles and the sensation of the skin of the groin. The main pelvic floor muscles The pelvic muscles surround the pelvis and lower extremities and help with various leg movements. The main pelvic muscles are: **iliopsoas muscle** It is a large muscle located in the anterior part of the pelvis and helps to rotate the thigh and bend the pelvis. **Gluteus Maximus** It is located in the back of the pelvis and helps straighten and rotate the thigh. **hamstring muscle** It is located in the posterior part of the thigh and helps to bend the knee and rotate the thigh. **Quadriceps** They are in front of the knee and help straighten the knee and bend the hip. **adductor muscle** They are inside the thigh and help to abduct the thigh. **abductor muscle** They are the outer part of the thigh that helps to abduct the thigh. Information about the pelvic region It is one of the main bones of the body, the pelvis. The pelvis is located in the center of gravity of the body and is responsible for the movement, walking and sitting of people. In general, the pelvic bone consists of three parts, two bones are completely parallel to each other and one bone is placed in a semicircle between the other two bones. These bones are close to each other in the front and will be connected to each other through a joint. You should always know that the anatomy of the pelvis is very complex and precise. Since the pelvis is one of the important parts of the body, any damage can cause many disorders for people's health and mobility. In addition to the main bones, the anatomy of the pelvis consists of various joints and muscles