What is the use of ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries? The uterus and ovaries are two important and vital organs in the female body that play an important role in fertility and health. These two organs suffer from diseases and cancers that can be diagnosed by ultrasound. Stay with us to discuss this issue. ### **The anatomy of the uterus** The uterus consists of three layers: serosa, myometrium and endometrium. The myometrium has a uniform tissue echo. Its outer borders are smooth and divided into three outer, middle and inner layers. The arched vessels, which can be well examined by Doppler ultrasound, run between the outer and middle layers. The endometrium is seen as a linear band, which is usually hyperechoic compared to the myometrium and is located in the center of the uterus. The diameter of the endometrium is measured anteriorly and posteriorly and in the longitudinal view of the uterus, and both layers of the endometrium appear in this measurement. The total thickness of the endometrium represents the sum of the thickness of the anterior and posterior layers of the endometrium. When endometrial fluid is present, this amount of fluid should not be included in the measurement of endometrial thickness. ### **Anatomy of the ovary** The ovaries are located on the sides of the uterus and it is not always possible to see both ovaries in one image. Normal ovaries are divided into two parts, the medulla and the cortex, and are spherical or oval and slightly hypoechoic. The ovarian medulla is more echogenic than the cortex. In the trans-abdominal method, it is sometimes difficult to identify the ovaries due to the presence of gas-filled loops. The iliac vessels are used as useful landmarks. External iliac arteries and veins are located in front of the ovary and internal iliac vessels are located behind the ovaries. You can often see hypoacus follicles inside the ovaries. Ovarian follicles are better examined in the transvaginal method. **For more information on pregnancy ultrasounds, you can contact Dr. Seif's radiology and ultrasound center or visit the doctor's Instagram address. Dr. Saif's ultrasound center contact numbers: 88553310** ### **Usage of uterus and ovary ultrasound** The diagnosis of uterine and ovarian diseases can be investigated and evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound: ### **ovarian cyst** Currently, there are no ultrasound findings that can accurately distinguish between benign and malignant cystic masses. Usually, one-sided ovarian cysts with a thin wall and no solid areas with a size of less than 5 cm are benign. A repeat ultrasound 6 weeks later will usually show that the lump has shrunk or disappeared. ### **uterine abnormalities** In the ultrasound of the uterus, the shape of the uterus is checked, and if lesions and suspicious cases are observed, it needs additional investigations. The point is that the fallopian tubes cannot be seen with this ultrasound. One-cornered or two-cornered uterus is one of these abnormalities. ### **cervical cancer** Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, which is fatal. This cancer has no symptoms and is diagnosed by pap smear test and ultrasound. **uterine fibroids** Uterine fibroid is one of the common diseases that affects many women. This disease is caused by the formation of a benign mass in the uterus. This benign mass is enlarged and causes abdominal and pelvic pain in women, especially during menstruation. Diagnosis of this mass is also with transvaginal ultrasound. **uterine cancer** This cancer is dangerous and deadly, and if it is diagnosed in time, the probability of its treatment is high. Diagnosis of this disease is also by ultrasound.