Types of common children's diseases and the importance of visiting a pediatrician Childhood is one of the most sensitive stages of human life. During this period, the child's body is growing and developing and his immune system is not yet fully developed; For this reason, children are more susceptible to various diseases. It is very important to know the common diseases of children and to be aware of their symptoms and treatment methods. Visiting the best pediatrician in Tehran at the right time can be effective in preventing serious complications and restoring the child's health. In this article, we describe children's diseases and the importance of visiting a pediatrician. Common viral diseases in children ### Cold **Symptoms** Sneezing, runny nose, mild fever, cough **treatment** Rest, warm liquids, antipyretics (as prescribed by the doctor) **refer to an expert** If fever persists, wheezing or severe loss of appetite ### Influenza **Symptoms** High fever, muscle pain, weakness, headache, dry cough **treatment** Antiviral drugs (in the first 48 hours), supportive care **urgent reference** Difficulty breathing or unusual sleepiness ### Chicken pox **Symptoms** Red rashes, fever, severe itching **treatment** Antiviral drugs in severe cases, anti-itch lotion **The importance of reference** Prevent secondary skin infection Common bacterial diseases Middle ear infection **Symptoms** Ear pain, fever, restlessness, ear pulling by child **treatment** Antibiotic prescribed by a doctor, pain reliever **urgent reference** In case of ear discharge or hearing loss ### Streptococcal sore throat **Symptoms** Sudden sore throat, fever, pain in swallowing, white spots on tonsils **treatment** Oral antibiotic, saline rinse **The importance of treatment** Prevention of rheumatic fever and kidney problems ### Urinary tract infection **Symptoms** Unexplained fever, bad smell of urine, pain during urination **treatment** Antibiotics, high fluid intake **need to refer** Prevention of kidney infection and long-term complications Respiratory diseases in children ### Bronchiolitis **Symptoms** Wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, fever **treatment** Supportive treatment, oxygen if needed **quick reference** Difficulty breathing or bruised lips Children's asthma **Symptoms** Frequent cough, wheezing, shortness of breath especially at night **treatment** Respiratory spray, environmental control, daily controlling drugs **The importance of diagnosis** Prevent severe attacks and chronic respiratory problems Digestive disorders ### Diarrhea and vomiting **Symptoms** Watery stools, frequent vomiting, fever **treatment** ORS intake, light diet, plenty of fluids **Warning** If lethargy, dry mouth, or scant urine — possible severe dehydration ### Constipation **Symptoms** Abdominal pain, dry and hard stool, loss of appetite **treatment** Consumption of fiber, water, nutritional advice **consult a doctor** In case of chronic or blood in stool ### Neonatal reflux **Symptoms** Elevation of milk, burning, restlessness after eating **treatment** Adjust nutrition, change sleeping position, medicine in severe cases Skin and allergic diseases ### Eczema (atopic dermatitis) **Symptoms** Dry skin, severe itching, redness **treatment** Moisturizers, anti-allergic drugs **need to refer** In case of severe scratching or secondary infection ### Food allergy **Symptoms** Hives, itching, swelling of the lips, digestive or even anaphylaxis **urgent reference** Severe reaction after consuming a certain food ### Seasonal sensitivities (allergic rhinitis) **Symptoms** Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes **treatment** Anti-allergic drugs, reducing contact with allergens ### Growth and development disorders Delay in speech or walking **Reasons** Hearing loss, neurological problems, learning disorder **reference** Developmental assessment by pediatrician or occupational therapist Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Excessive restlessness, lack of concentration, inability to follow orders **treatment** Behavioral therapy, medication (in severe cases), psychological counseling Why is it important to see a pediatrician? - Accurate diagnosis of specific children's diseases - Getting to know the growth process and developmental charts of the child - Experience in treating childhood diseases with unusual symptoms - Skill in communicating with the child - Disease prevention with vaccination and nutritional advice - Knowledge of the world's standard treatments When should you see a doctor immediately? - Fever above 38.5 in a baby less than 3 months old - Breathing hard or fast - Bruising of the lips or face - Abnormal lethargy or sleepiness - Eating less or not urinating for more than 8 hours - Vomiting blood or black stools If you see the above, please refer to Dr. Mehdi Afshari's office. summary Child health is the life capital of every family. Knowing about common diseases and taking timely action to refer to the best pediatrician in Tehran plays an important role in preventing complications and maintaining the child's physical and mental health. Parents who are in constant communication with a pediatrician can follow the child's development with more confidence and take treatment at the right time.