Symptoms of obesity in children and effective methods of its treatment Obesity in children and adolescents has become a growing concern worldwide. This situation not only affects children's physical health in the short term, but also increases the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. Early detection of obesity symptoms and adoption of appropriate treatment approaches can help improve children's health and quality of life. Symptoms of obesity in children Diagnosis of obesity in children is usually based on body mass index (BMI). BMI is a measurement that evaluates a person's weight in relation to their height. For children and adolescents, age- and sex-specific BMI growth curves are used to determine whether a child's weight is in the healthy range, overweight, or obese. In addition to BMI, parents and caregivers can pay attention to other signs and symptoms that may indicate overweight or obesity in a child: ### Rapid and significant weight gain Compared to peers, the child may gain weight abnormally quickly. ### Having an above average weight for age and height Although this alone does not indicate obesity, it should be considered along with other factors. ### Difficulty doing physical activities The child may tire quickly, experience shortness of breath, or avoid participating in physical activities. Feeling tired and lethargic Obesity can lead to decreased energy levels and chronic fatigue in children. ### Skin problems Some obese children may develop acanthosis nigricans, a condition that causes dark, velvety patches in skin folds (such as the neck, armpits, and groin). ### joint and muscle pain Excess weight can put a lot of pressure on joints and muscles and lead to pain. ### Mental and emotional problems Obese children may be ridiculed for their appearance and suffer from low self-esteem, depression or anxiety. ### Increased appetite and desire to eat high-calorie foods Although this symptom is not seen in all obese children, it can play a role in some cases. It is important to note that the presence of one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean obesity, and the final diagnosis should be made by a doctor based on the assessment of BMI and other factors. Effective methods of treating obesity in children Treatment of obesity in children is a multifaceted process that requires the cooperation of the child, the family and the treatment team (including a doctor, nutritionist, counselor and, if necessary, an exercise specialist). The goal of treatment is to gradually lose weight, improve physical and mental health, and create healthy habits for a long-term life. Effective methods of treating obesity in children include: ### Modification of diet Reducing the consumption of high-calorie, high-fat and high-sugar foods: including sweet drinks, industrial juices, fast foods, unhealthy snacks (chips, puffs, chocolate and sweets), and processed foods. Increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains: these foods are rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals and help to feel full. Meal size control: Teaching the child and family about recognizing appropriate meal sizes. Encourage eating regular meals: Skipping meals can lead to overeating at the next meal. Preparing healthy meals at home: reducing dependence on ready meals and restaurants. Limit time spent watching TV and using electronic devices while eating: This can lead to unconscious overeating. ### Increasing physical activity Encouraging regular and enjoyable physical activities: including movement games, team or individual sports, walking, cycling and swimming. Aim for at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day: this time can be broken up into shorter periods throughout the day. Reduce the time you sit and watch TV or use electronic devices: limit this time to a maximum of 1-2 hours per day (except for schoolwork). Turning physical activity into a family habit: Parents' participation in physical activities with the child can increase his motivation. ### behavioral changes Set realistic and achievable goals: Instead of focusing on rapid weight loss, focus on making gradual and sustainable lifestyle changes. Self-control: teaching the child how to monitor his eating habits and physical activity. Problem Solving: Helping the child find healthy ways to deal with food challenges and temptations. Social Support: Creating a supportive family and school environment that encourages healthy habits. Positive reinforcement: Encourage and praise the child for small efforts and achievements, rather than focusing on his weight. Stress Management: Teaching healthy ways to manage stress and emotions, instead of turning to food. ### The role of the family The family plays an essential role in the treatment of childhood obesity. Parents should demonstrate healthy behavior patterns, create a supportive environment, and actively participate in the treatment process. Changes in lifestyle should be applied to the whole family so that the child does not feel alone. ### Drug treatment In cases of severe obesity in teenagers and if there are serious complications related to obesity, the doctor may prescribe weight loss drugs. However, drug therapy is usually done as an adjunct to lifestyle changes under the supervision of a pediatric endocrinologist and metabolic specialist. ### bariatric surgery Bariatric surgery is rarely recommended in children and adolescents and is considered only in cases of very severe obesity with life-threatening complications and after failure of other treatment methods. This method requires accurate assessment and physical and mental preparation of the patient and family. ### See a specialist If you are concerned about your child's weight or are seeing signs of obesity, seeing the best pediatrician is an important first step. The doctor can help you by evaluating the child's condition, providing necessary guidance and, if necessary, referring to a child growth and nutrition specialist in Tehran. #### Summary Treating obesity in children is a long-term process that requires patience, commitment and all-round cooperation. By adopting the right approaches and making sustainable lifestyle changes, children can be helped to achieve a healthy weight and reap its health benefits throughout life. Call 02166602506 to make an appointment.