mental retardation disorder Mental retardation is a disorder that appears before the age of 18 and is associated with limitations in mental performance and adaptive skills. People who face this challenge may not be able to perform tasks that are easy for their peers. Mental retardation, which was also called mental retardation, is tied to the concept of IQ and intelligence in most people's minds, and the first thing that comes to our mind when we hear the word retardation in life is low intelligence... It is true that one of the characteristics of mentally retarded people is their low intelligence, but that is not the whole story! It is better to note that for these other people, the term mental retardation has been replaced by the term mental retardation. For a simpler definition of mental retardation, it is better to first know the important characteristics of this disorder... From a scientific point of view, a mental retardation has the following two main characteristics: A) mental performance or intelligence lower than the average of society b) Difficulty or deficiency in adaptive behaviors or skills necessary for daily living Symptoms of mental retardation There are many signs of mental retardation in children that may appear from infancy or may not be apparent until the child reaches school age. The severity of this deficiency has a great impact on the time and type of symptoms. Some common symptoms are: - Delay in rolling, sitting, crawling or walking - Speech delay or difficulty learning to speak - Slow learning of self-help skills such as using the toilet, dressing or eating - Weakness in remembering information - Inability to understand the relationship between actions and their consequences - Behavioral problems such as severe and sudden anger Difficulty solving problems or thinking logically In more severe or profound cases of mental retardation, children may also experience other health problems, including seizures, mood disorders such as anxiety or autism, impaired motor skills, and vision or hearing problems. Compared to him, he is usually immature in social interactions and developing peers.. is a concept of peers....the individual shows significant differences in social and communicative behavior from peers....can also meet personal needs such as eating, dressing, etc....severe: limited in the acquisition of conceptual skills....in general, the individual has little understanding of written language or concepts related to numbers, quantity, etc....activities of daily living....including eating, dressing, etc....the individual requires full-time supervision.... Deep: Conceptual skills include the physical world more than the symbolic world....may use objects purposefully for self-care, work, and recreation....person has very limited understanding of symbolic communication in speech and body movements....may depend on some simple commands or bodily movements, including physical care and daily safety, in all aspects, including physical care and safety of the person, in all aspects, on the person's health and well-being... American Psychiatry, 1401, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5-TR, Dr. Mehdi Ganji, Volume 1, Savalan) The main causes of mental retardation in children Mental retardation in children may have various reasons, each of which alone or in combination can contribute to the occurrence of this problem. In the following, we will examine some of the most important factors affecting the occurrence of this disorder: 1... ### Down syndrome It is one of the most common causes of mental retardation, which is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body and causes a disturbance in the cognitive and physical development of the child... 2... ### fetal alcohol syndrome Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have irreparable effects on the brain and nervous system of the fetus and lead to mental and behavioral problems in the child... 3... ### Fragile X Syndrome This syndrome, which is caused by a genetic mutation in the X chromosome, is another common cause of mental disabilities and is usually associated with cognitive and learning delays.. 4... ### Genetic disorders The existence of genetic abnormalities or abnormal mutations in genes can affect the child's mental development.... These disorders may be hereditary or arise spontaneously... 5... ### Congenital defect Problems such as lack of oxygen at birth, brain abnormalities or physical injuries that occur during pregnancy or childbirth can affect the child's mental development... 6... ### Infections during pregnancy Exposure of the mother to infections such as measles, toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus during pregnancy can disrupt the normal development of the fetal brain and lead to mental retardation... Identifying and understanding these factors can help parents and professionals to prevent or reduce many of these problems with preventive measures and proper care... Treatment of mental retardation Mental retardation is a permanent condition that accompanies a person throughout his life. But timely and continuous measures can strengthen the person's abilities and skills and allow him to progress and adapt more in life. Genetic factors or related diseases usually complicate the challenges of these people. They can provide a suitable platform for their effective and constructive presence in the society. Some of these services and supports are: Early intervention programs for infants and young children Special education for children with special needs Family supports, such as support groups for parents Services related to the transition from childhood to adulthood Education and career planning Daily activities for adults Providing solutions for suitable accommodation Management and follow-up of individual needs These services help people to experience a more productive life and play a more active role in society.. Mental retardation is a complex developmental disorder that affects a person's cognitive, social and practical skills.. Programs for people with mental disabilities.. Pizare specialized clinic offers services such as psychological counseling, special training, career planning and support for families, and its goal is to improve the quality of life of these people and provide them with more opportunities to participate effectively in society. is....

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