Gastric cancer is one of the types of cancer that progresses slowly and the lack of clear symptoms in the early stages is usually diagnosed in the advanced stages, and its treatment is challenging. This disease occurs when abnormal cells are effective in the rolling wall of the stomach and attack the abnormal growth of cells in the stomach wall. Gastric cancer, which can be due to environmental factors, Genetics, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, smoking, poor diet and family history are attributed. Research also shows that certain diseases and medical conditions such as chronic peptic ulcers and gastric polyps can also increase the risk of stomach cancer. does not have any specific.... early detection can improve the chances of success significantly increasing the treatment.... the cause of malignant stomach cancer Malignant stomach cancer, which is also called stomach cancer, occurs when abnormal cells grow in the stomach wall and invade adjacent tissues or other parts of the body. This type of cancer usually does not have specific symptoms in the early stages, and for this reason, it is often diagnosed in advanced stages. Chronic infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is one of the main causes of stomach cancer... this bacterium can cause chronic inflammation and stomach ulcers, which over time may lead to cancerous changes in stomach cells... continuous inflammation caused by this bacterium can cause genetic mutations in cells and eventually stomach cancer... ### 2... **unhealthy diet:** A diet rich in processed foods, high salt and low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of stomach cancer. Especially consuming smoked, salty or salty foods can help increase the risk of this disease. These types of foods contain chemicals such as nitrites and nitrosamines, which are known to be carcinogenic... #Cigarette #: 3.. Smoking and smoking are other risk factors for stomach cancer.... These substances cause damage to the stomach wall and cause cancerous changes in the cells.... Also, smokers are usually at risk of Helicobacter pylori infection.. A family history of stomach cancer can increase the risk of developing this disease.... Some genetic mutations can predispose to stomach cancer.. Syndrome* or * Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome* can increase The risk of stomach cancer is related... ### 5... Precancerous diseases: The existence of certain conditions and diseases such as chronic gastric ulcer, gastric polyps and gastric atrophy (reduction in the number of gastric gland cells) can increase the risk of stomach cancer. People who have changes in the structure of the stomach wall such as *metaplasia* (change in the type of stomach cells) may be more susceptible to stomach cancer... ###*.. Age is one of the important factors in stomach cancer... The age of the possibility of getting it increases finds.... In addition, men are more susceptible to this cancer than women.... ### 7... **diet with low vitamin:** Lack of vitamins such as vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids (which are naturally found in fruits and vegetables) can increase the risk of stomach cancer.... These vitamins play an important role in strengthening the immune system and their deficiency can weaken the body's defense against cancers... ### 8... Environmental and occupational factors: People who are exposed to some chemicals or asbestos (for example, in some industrial jobs) may be at a higher risk of developing stomach cancer. These substances can damage the stomach tissue and cause genetic mutations that eventually lead to cancer. Malignant stomach cancer is a complex disease that is affected by various factors. Among the most important risks of this disease, attention to these factors can be effective in the prevention and early detection of stomach cancer and increase the chances of successful treatment. What is the cause of stomach cancer? Stomach cancer is caused by a set of genetic, inflammatory and environmental factors. Changes in the DNA of stomach cells, which may be caused by chemical agents, chronic infections or weak immune system, play a key role. Long-term damage to the stomach wall - for example, due to autoimmune diseases or dangerous anemia - can be the cause of this cancer. Stomach cancer in its early stages usually has no specific symptoms and therefore may not be diagnosed until it reaches advanced stages... Early symptoms of this disease can include pain and discomfort in the stomach area, loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss. Affected people may have a feeling of early satiety, that is, even after eating a small amount of food they feel that their stomach is completely full. Also, persistent nausea and vomiting, especially after eating, can sometimes have internal stomach symptoms. be.. Bleeding, which can appear as vomiting blood or black stools (melena).... As the disease progresses, more severe symptoms such as stomach bloating, constipation or changes in bowel habits, as well as general fatigue and weakness develop in the person.. These symptoms can indicate chronic bleeding and the resulting anemia. Sudden weight gain - Anorexia - Nausea - Vomiting - Vomiting blood - Feeling of early satiety Stomach bloating - black stool (melna) - Constipation or diarrhea - General fatigue and weakness - Indigestion or heartburn While many of the symptoms of stomach cancer may be confused with simple digestive problems, their persistence or exacerbation can be a serious sign of the disease. Timely diagnosis through careful medical tests and examinations plays a very important role in increasing the likelihood of successful treatment. The early symptoms of stomach cancer are usually so mild and misleading that they can be mistaken for simple digestive problems... For this reason, many patients do not realize it until the advanced stages of the disease.. Frequent indigestion or heartburn - Feeling full early when eating - Anorexia - Mild nausea - Stomach bloating or heaviness after eating - Sudden weight loss for no apparent reason If the initial symptoms persist or repeat frequently, you should not be indifferent and it is necessary to see a doctor... Early detection of stomach cancer can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery... Knowing the early symptoms is an important step in preventing the progression of the disease and maintaining general health... Stomach cancer diagnosis methods Diagnosing stomach cancer requires a combination of clinical symptoms, medical examinations, and detailed tests and imaging methods... Doctors use several specialized methods to accurately identify the location, type, and progression of cancer, the most important of which are listed below: ### 1... **endoscopy of the upper part of the digestive tract (endoscopy):** This method is the main and most accurate tool for examining the inside of the stomach. Using a thin and flexible tube equipped with a camera (endoscope), the doctor observes the inner wall of the stomach and esophagus. At this stage, the suspicious tissues observed during the endoscopy are removed and examined in the pathology laboratory. The presence of cancer cells in the sample confirms the diagnosis... ### 4... **Medical imaging:** - CT scan - **MRI** - **Endoscopic ultrasound (Endoscopic ultrasound - EUS)** - It is a combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that helps the doctor to check the depth of tumor penetration in the stomach wall and the involvement of the surrounding lymph nodes... In some cases, laparoscopy is performed to directly examine the inside of the abdomen and check the spread of cancer to other parts such as the liver or diaphragm. Paying attention to the symptoms and carrying out specialized examinations if needed can make the treatment path more effective and successful... Stomach cancer treatment Stomach cancer treatment is generally divided into **five main sections**, each of which may be used alone or in combination depending on the stage of the disease, the type of cancer cells and the general condition of the patient. These sections are: - **Surgery** - **Chemotherapy** - **Radiotherapy** - **Targeted treatments** - **Immunotherapy and palliative care** ### Surgery: If the cancer is in the early stages or operable, surgery is considered as the main method of treatment.. Depending on the location and size of the tumor, a part of the stomach (partial gastrectomy) or the entire stomach (total gastrectomy) may be removed. Also, the surrounding lymph nodes are usually removed during the operation... ### Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs that kill cancer cells or stop their growth. This may be done before surgery (to shrink the tumor), after surgery (to kill remaining cells), or as the main treatment in advanced stages.... ### **Radiotherapy:** In radiation therapy, high-energy rays are used to destroy cancer cells.. This method is usually performed together with chemotherapy or after surgery to reduce the possibility of disease recurrence... It is also used to reduce pain or bleeding in cases where surgery is not possible... ### **Targeted treatment:** This treatment is based on the specific molecular characteristics of the tumor... For example, in patients who are positive for the HER2 receptor, a drug called **trastuzumab (Herceptin)** is used.... Targeted therapies usually work with fewer side effects and more accurately than chemotherapy.... ### Immunotherapy and palliative care: In the advanced stages of the disease, immunotherapy is used by activating the immune system to attack cancer cells.. Medicines such as Niulumab or Pembrolizumab are suitable for some patients. The choice of treatment depends on many factors and often a combination of several methods is used to achieve the best results. The cooperation of the treatment team is the key to controlling the disease or regular follow-up. Is it curable?. **In answer to this question, we must say that yes, stomach cancer can be treated in some cases, especially if it is detected in the early stages.... When the tumor has not spread to other organs, the possibility of complete recovery with surgery and adjuvant treatments is more likely**.... In more advanced stages, treatments are mostly aimed at controlling the disease, reducing immunotherapy, reducing new immune symptoms and increasing life expectancy.... Treatments increase the life expectancy of patients... The doctor plays a very important role in the success of the treatment.. Is it possible to prevent stomach cancer?.. Yes, in many cases, stomach cancer can be prevented or its risk can be significantly reduced by following some tips... Avoiding smoked, salty and processed foods, having a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, quitting smoking and alcohol, and timely treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection are among the most important prevention methods... Also, maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity And stress control can be effective in reducing the risk of stomach cancer among family members, periodic examinations and early screening are very important....Prevention is always better than cure....Summary In this article, we will comprehensively review stomach cancer, including its causes, symptoms, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.... Several factors such as bacterial infection, unhealthy diet, heredity and inflammatory conditions of the stomach play a role in the occurrence of this disease... Also, the early symptoms are often mild and misleading, which makes early diagnosis difficult. **