The key role of the pediatrician in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of respiratory disorders in children Respiratory diseases are one of the most common reasons for children to visit pediatricians' offices. From simple colds to asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia and chronic respiratory obstructions, they can all appear in childhood and sometimes affect the child's growth and quality of life. In this article, we examine the most important respiratory diseases in children, warning signs, diagnosis and treatment methods, and the vital role of pediatricians in the management of these diseases. The importance of respiratory diseases in children Children are more exposed to respiratory infections due to the immaturity of the immune system, small airways and high contact with pathogens in the school and kindergarten environment. The correct and timely treatment of these diseases not only prevents the progression of the disease, but is also effective in preventing chronic complications such as asthma or lung development problems. The most common respiratory diseases in children ### Cold (Rhinovirus Infection) Viral cold is one of the most common reasons for visiting a pediatrician. **symptoms of a cold** - Runny nose - Mild fever - Superficial coughs - Sneezing and lethargy ### Influenza A seasonal viral infection that can spread quickly. **Symptoms** - High fever - Muscle pain - Dry cough - Severe lethargy ### Bronchiolitis It is mostly seen in infants and children under two years of age and is usually caused by the RSV virus. **Symptoms** - Wheezing - Rapid breathing - Stop feeding - Bruised lips Children's asthma A chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that causes temporary narrowing of the respiratory tract. **Symptoms** - Frequent coughs, especially at night - Wheezing - shortness of breath - Sudden respiratory attacks ### Pneumonia A severe lung infection that may be bacterial or viral. **Symptoms** - High fever - Fast and difficult breathing - Purulent coughs - Extreme restlessness and loss of appetite The role of pediatricians in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases ### Taking a detailed history The pediatrician approaches the diagnosis with targeted questions about the type of cough, when symptoms appeared, contact with other patients, vaccinations, and previous history. ### Complete respiratory examination With a stethoscope, abnormal sounds such as wheezing, crackling, or decreased sounds are checked. The doctor also pays special attention to abdominal breathing and breathing rate. ### Prescribing diagnostic tests In cases of need, the doctor may request the following: - Chest X-ray to diagnose pneumonia - Blood test (CBC, CRP) to check for infection - Pulse oximeter to check blood oxygen - Spirometry in older children to check lung function in asthma - RSV test in infants suspected of bronchiolitis Methods of treating respiratory diseases by pediatricians ### Supportive treatment In many viral cases, such as the common cold or bronchiolitis, supportive treatment (fluids, rest, antipyretics) is sufficient. ### Prescribing drugs Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as: - Antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia) - Antiviral drugs (if necessary, for example Tamiflu in influenza) - Salbutamol spray or inhaled corticosteroid for asthma Antipyretics such as acetaminophen - Anti-cough syrup for children (at permitted ages) to prescribe ### Oxygen therapy or hospitalization In severe cases, especially in infants with bronchiolitis or children with severe pneumonia, hospitalization and receiving oxygen or serum is necessary. The importance of family follow-up and education by a pediatrician After the initial treatment, a good pediatrician will definitely educate the parents about the following points: - Preventing the return of the disease - Warning signs to revisit - How to use spray and nebulizer correctly - The importance of regular vaccination - Prevention of children's respiratory diseases with the guidance of a doctor - Full vaccination - Vaccines such as DTP, influenza, pneumococcus and corona have an effective role in prevention. - Proper nutrition and strengthening immunity Breast milk, the use of vitamin D supplements and a diet rich in antioxidants under the supervision of a doctor increase the child's immunity. ### Avoiding cigarette smoke and air pollution Second hand cigarette smoke is one of the important causes of asthma and respiratory infections. The pediatrician usually asks the parents about the child's living environment and suggests improvements. ### Avoiding crowded environments during the season of virus outbreaks The doctor may advise the child not to go to kindergarten or crowded gatherings during the peak of disease outbreak. When should the child be taken to the doctor immediately? If the child: - The fever is more than 38.5 degrees and lasts more than two days - He breathes hard or his chest collapses - He has bruised lips or fingers - He does not eat or drink well - Has severe wheezing or continuous coughing It should be examined by a doctor immediately. #### Summary The best lung specialist in Tehran not only plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases, but also helps to maintain the child's respiratory health by educating parents, prescribing accurate treatments, and providing preventive solutions. Early diagnosis, regular visits and paying attention to the doctor's recommendations can prevent many chronic respiratory problems and put the child on the path of normal development. Call 02166602506 to make an appointment.