### Introduction Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital defects of the penis in boys, which is caused by improper formation of the urethra during the fetal period. In this case, the opening of the urethra (urine outlet) instead of being located at the tip of the penis, appears under the penis or in other parts of it. Treatment... Hypospadias is especially common in children. create a society.. Hypospadias is a congenital defect in the male reproductive system that is usually diagnosed at birth.. 1... **anterior hypospadias**: in this type, the opening of the urethra is closer to the tip of the penis and usually has less appearance and functional problems... 2... **middle hypospadias**: the opening of the urethra is located in the middle of the penis, which causes more disorders than the type It becomes anterior.... 3...foot **The most severe (posterior) type of hypospadias, the urethral opening is located near the body or scrotum and may require more complex surgeries.... Hypospadias in children Diagnosis of hypospadias is usually done at birth. In mild cases, parents may not notice this defect for a while, but in most cases, doctors recognize this problem during the initial examinations of the baby. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment in childhood are very important, because lack of treatment can cause serious problems in the future, including urinary disorders, sexual problems, and mental disorders... Causes of hypospadias The exact cause of hypospadias is still not fully known, but it seems that both genetic factors and environmental factors play an important role in causing this defect... - **Genetics**: Having a history of hypospadias in the family increases the probability of this defect occurring in the next generation.. Some hormones may increase the risk of developing hypospadias.. Testosterone can lead to defects in the development of the urethra and penis... Symptoms Hypospadias Symptoms of hypospadias may vary depending on the type and severity. Some common symptoms include: 1.... **Abnormal location of the opening of the urethra**: One of the most obvious symptoms is the location of the opening of the urethra in a place other than the tip of the penis... 2.... **Penis Deviation (Chordee)**: In some cases, the penis is deviated downwards, which may cause problems during erection or urination during erection.. Scattered.... 4.... **Abnormal penis shape**: In some cases, the appearance of the penis is abnormal due to defects in the formation of tissues... Possible problems if not treated... Hypospadias, if not treated, can cause serious complications in The length of a person's life will cause... These complications include the following: 1.... **urinary problems**: lack of treatment causes the person to be unable to urinate properly or to suffer frequent urinary tract infections.... 2.... **sexual disorders**: in severe cases, a person may face sexual problems during puberty and adulthood, including penis deviation and erectile dysfunction.... confidence must be present, especially in childhood and adolescence.... hypospadias treatment methods Treatment of hypospadias is usually done through surgery, and its purpose is to correct the position of the opening of the urethra and create a penis with normal function and appearance. Hypospadias surgery is usually recommended during infancy or childhood, between 6 and 18 months of age. It can... on time They have hypospadias and its treatment follow-up. Considering that this defect is usually diagnosed during infancy, parents should pay attention to medical advice and refer the child to a specialist surgeon if surgery is needed. Also, parents should ensure the full recovery of their child and the importance of medical follow-up after surgery. Hypospadias is very important to prevent physical and mental problems in the future. Conclusion Hypospadias is a congenital defect that can be completely resolved if diagnosed and treated on time and prevent future problems of the child....Parents should choose the best treatment path for their child with full knowledge of this problem and consultation with specialist doctors....Hypospadias surgery is usually performed with high success and the child can continue his normal life after treatment... 8189212