Urine analysis is an example of laboratory tests....with the help of this test, the doctor can diagnose a series of diseases....because the symptoms of these diseases appear in people's urine.

Many diseases and disorders affect the way waste materials and toxins are removed from the body. The organs involved in this process are the lungs, kidneys, urinary system, skin and bladder.

The presence of a problem in any of these organs affects the appearance, concentration and content of urine. Urine analysis is not like drug screening or pregnancy test. Of course, all three are done with the help of a urine sample.

Why is urinalysis done?

Urinalysis is often used in the following cases:

• before surgery
• As a preventive screening, while checking pregnancy status
• As part of a routine physical or medical examination

Also, if the doctor suspects that the person has a series of specific diseases, he will order this test:

• Diabetes
Kidney disease
• Liver disease
Urinary tract infection

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If he has already been diagnosed with any of these diseases, the doctor tries to measure the progress of the treatment process or the condition of the disease by using urine analysis.

Additionally, if a person experiences a series of specific symptoms, a doctor may order a urinalysis test. These symptoms include:

• Pain in the stomach
• back pain
• Presence of blood in urine
Painful urination

Preparation for urinalysis

Before taking a urine test, make sure you drink a lot of water... this way you will have the necessary conditions to prepare a sufficient sample... However, it is noted that drinking too much water leads to a decrease in the accuracy of the results.

On the day of the test, you only need an extra glass or two of water.... If there are no restrictions in your diet, you can also use milk or fruit juice.

Also, discuss the use of any medications or supplements with your doctor.... Some of these substances can affect the results of the urine test:

• Vitamin C supplements
• Metronidazole
• Riboflavin
• Anthraquinone anti-constipation drugs
• Metocarbamol
• Nitrofurantoin

Other groups of drugs can also affect the results. Before having a urinalysis test, inform your doctor about the drugs you are taking.

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Description of the urinalysis process

The sample required for urine analysis should be delivered to a doctor's office, hospital or specialized laboratory complex.... For this purpose, a plastic container will be provided to you to take with you to the bathroom.... Then you will put your urine in it individually.

You may be asked to provide a clean urine sample....this method will help prevent genital tract bacteria from entering the sample....the first thing you should do is clean the area around the urinary tract with a clean wet cloth provided by the doctor....then pour some urine into the toilet....now collect the sample in the container....avoid touching the inner surface of the container.

The inner surface of the container will be. Close and wash your hands...

In some cases, the doctor may request a urine catheterization... This way, the catheter is inserted through the urethra into the bladder... In this situation, there will be mild discomfort... If you don't feel good about doing this procedure, ask your doctor about alternative methods.

After preparing the sample, the part of the experiment that you were responsible for ends... In the next step, the sample is sent to the laboratory or, if there is the necessary equipment, it stays inside the hospital.

methods of urine analysis

In the next step, the doctor uses one or more of the methods introduced in this section to check the state of urine.

1) Microscopic test

In the microscopic examination, the doctor examines the state of a drop of urine under the microscope. The doctor looks for such information:

• Abnormalities in white and red blood cells are a sign of infection, kidney disease, bladder cancer, or blood disorders.
• Crystal masses that are a sign of kidney stones.
• Infectious yeasts or bacteria
• Epithelial cells that indicate the existence of a tumor.

2) Deep strip test

To perform this test, the doctor inserts a plastic strip with a specific chemical nature into the sample. This strip changes color according to the substances in the sample. The results of this test help the doctor to diagnose the following diseases:

• Bilirubin, one of the products of red blood cell death
• Blood
• Protein
• Density or specific gravity
• change in ph or acidity level
• blood sugar

The presence of a high concentration of particles in the urine sample indicates dehydration.... High pH indicates the presence of disease in the urinary system or kidneys.... The presence of blood sugar symptoms indicates diabetes.

3) Appearance analysis

Also, the doctor can check the sample for any abnormalities.... Among these reasons are the following:

• A dull and dark appearance which is a sign of infection.
• Abnormal smell
• Red or brown appearance which is a sign of blood in the urine.

Urine test results

After the urinalysis results are ready, you and your doctor will review the results together.... If the results are abnormal, you have two options:

If you already have kidney disease, urinary tract disease, or other similar conditions, your doctor will order additional tests or repeat urinalysis to determine the cause of abnormal particles in your urine.

If you do not have other symptoms of similar diseases and the physical examination shows general health, the doctor may not request additional follow-ups.

Presence of protein in urine

Usually, a very small amount of protein is found in urine.... Sometimes, the amount of protein in urine is increased for a number of reasons:

• Cold or extreme heat
• Fever
• Physical or emotional stress
• Extreme physical activity

It is usually not seen as a serious problem because of this.... Meanwhile, very high amounts of protein in the urine are a sign of the following diseases.... These diseases lead to kidney damage:

• Diabetes
• Heart diseases
• High blood pressure
• Lupus
blood cancer
• Sickle cell anemia
Rheumatoid arthritis

The doctor may order additional tests... The goal is to identify any disease that has led to an increase in the level of protein in the urine.

Additional follow-ups after urinalysis

If the urinalysis results fall within the abnormal range, the doctor will order more tests to find out the cause of these results... These tests include:

• Blood test
• Imaging test such as CT scan or MRI
• Comprehensive metabolic panel
• Urine culture
• Complete blood count
• Hepatic or renal panel

The guidance of urology specialists can provide you with useful information about urinalysis..

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