Magnetic brain stimulation technology, as one of the new and non-invasive methods, has opened new horizons in the field of neuroscience and treatment of brain disorders. Meanwhile, the two terms TMS and rTMS are often used interchangeably, which confuses many people. In fact, a precise understanding of the difference between tms and rtms is a necessity for patients who are looking for the most effective and appropriate treatment method for them. This article clearly explains the difference between tms and rtms to help you in this direction.

What is the difference between tms and rtms; Examining the seven differences between these two treatment methods

To better understand these two advanced treatment methods, it is necessary to examine their key differences, which are rooted in their goals, technology, and implementation methods, separately. In the following, we discuss the seven main differences between these two techniques.

Difference in concept and main use

The first and most fundamental difference lies in the definition of these two terms. TMS, which stands for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, is a general concept and a big umbrella that covers any type of brain stimulation using a magnetic field. On the other hand, rTMS, which stands for Repetitive TMS, is a specific and therapeutic subset of TMS in which magnetic pulses are used repeatedly and in specific patterns for therapeutic purposes.

Difference in the pattern of sending magnetic pulses

Another prominent difference is related to the pattern of sending pulses. In general TMS, a single pulse or a pair of pulses may be used for research or diagnostic purposes. For example, specialists use single-pulse to assess the health of neuromotor pathways. But in rTMS, the pulses are sent to the target area in the brain as a fast and consecutive "train" with certain frequencies (for example, 10 pulses per second) to create more lasting effects.

What is the difference between the therapeutic effects of tms and rtms?

The therapeutic effects are perhaps the most important aspect that differentiates the two. The effect of single-pulse TMS is usually immediate and very short-term and is not designed to create lasting changes. On the other hand, rTMS has been developed with the aim of creating lasting changes in neuroplasticity. By repeatedly stimulating nerve cells, this method modifies their function in the long term.

The long-term effects of RTMS are achieved through the following changes:

• Increasing synaptic connections that help strengthen neural networks
• adjusting the level of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin
• Improving dysfunctional neural circuits that are involved in disorders such as depression

Difference in devices and manufacturing technology

Although the core technology is the same in both methods, the devices used can be different. What is the difference between tms and rtms, it is in the technology of devices. Since rTMS pulses are sent continuously and at high speed, the magnetic coil and power supply of the device generate a lot of heat. For this reason, modern rTMS devices are equipped with advanced cooling systems (liquid or air) and more powerful power supplies to support long treatment sessions without quality degradation or overheating.

treatment protocol; The most important difference between tms and rtms

Treatment with RTMS is a fully structured process based on protocols. It is scientifically accurate. Before starting the treatment, using tools such as electroencephalography (QEEG), specialists determine the exact area of ​​the brain to stimulate, the intensity of the pulses, the frequency (pulses per second) and the total number of sessions. These protocols are essential for maximum effectiveness and ensuring patient safety. In contrast, diagnostic TMS lacks such complex and long-term treatment protocols and is performed on a case-by-case basis for specific evaluations.