Swallowing disorder or dysphagia (DP) is a complication that prevents the passage of a bite of food due to a disturbance in the function of food by changing the route of food.. and changing the phases of the pharynx and esophagus... from the mouth to the stomach 13% of people over the age of 65 and almost 33% of people over the age of 80 suffer from dysphagia, although the probability of it occurring after a stroke is 55%. The most common complications related to this disorder are: reduced physical activity, suffocation. The physiotherapist in swallowing disorder physiotherapy is to protect the airway and maintain nutrient intake... In order to perform better swallowing, the muscles must relearn how to move food during exercise.. The physiotherapist will probably check how the patient swallows water. Physiotherapy can play an important role in dysphagia management by working on improving the strength and coordination of the muscles involved in swallowing. A speech and language pathologist or physical therapist can prescribe exercises to improve the strength and coordination of the muscles responsible for swallowing. Head and neck exercises, tongue and lip exercises, and exercises focusing on the muscles used in breathing are examples of these types of exercises... ### Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) In this technique, in order to improve the strength and coordination of the swallowing muscles, a weak electric current is used to stimulate these muscles... ### Stimulation with heat In this technique, hot or cold liquids are used to stimulate the swallowing reflex and improve muscle coordination... Read more: The best rehabilitation center in Shiraz ### Biofeedback Using sensors to monitor muscle activity during swallowing, this technique provides feedback to the patient so that the patient can correct their swallowing technique. ### Postural Techniques Positioning the body in certain positions can make swallowing easier. The physical therapist can teach the patient positions that facilitate swallowing, such as bending the head forward or around.. In general, physiotherapy can play an important role in the management of swallowing disorders and with the cooperation of a physiotherapist and a neurologist, a comprehensive treatment program can be achieved... It changes and improves strength, speed or time and aims to create a long-term effect, unlike compensatory interventions that are used for a short-term effect... Rehabilitation exercises also work on the retraining of the neuromuscular and neuromuscular systems.. Intense work and Continuously on each muscle system causes changes in the nerves and their movement pattern. Rehabilitation exercises are generally divided into the following two categories: - Swallowing exercises - Non-swallowing exercises Swallowing exercises Swallowing exercises are used to treat dysphagia with the goal of changing the physiology of swallowing and creating long-term changes... These exercises are expected to affect the mechanics of swallowing and the flow of biting food... Forced swallowing, Mendelssohn, supraglottis and Masako maneuvers are examples of these swallowing exercises... Many of the principles of neuroplasticity are implemented in swallowing exercises: - If it works, use it, otherwise throw it away - Use it and improve it - Works exclusively - Transfer - Severity Exercise without swallowing In non-swallowing exercises, such as tongue strengthening exercises, swallowing is not done.... Non-swallowing exercises are suitable for patients who cannot feed by mouth (tube feeding) or people who are temporarily limited in eating after surgery.... Lifting the head and shaking it, strengthening the tongue, Lee Silverman Some of Lee Silverman's muscle strengthening exercises from non-strengthening exercises for voice and ex.... Non-swallowing exercises, several principles of neuroplasticity are implemented... such as: - Transfer - Severity - Therapeutic interventions - Therapeutic techniques are divided into the methods used: - Compensatory methods such as turning the patient's head, chin tuck (bending and tilting the head and changing the amount of adhesion, texture and volume of the bite) - Exercises (holding the tongue, shaking exercise) - Those who use two methods or compensatory exercises such as supraglottic swallow, supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, Mendelssohn's maneuver... - Another method (neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), oral stimulation and other interventions) Precautionary measures before swallowing impairment of physical therapy Patients with dysphagia should take special precautions to reduce the risk of choking or aspiration. The following are examples of precautions that should be taken: - **Eat slowly:** Eating slowly and taking smaller bites helps prevent choking and makes swallowing faster and easier. Not watching TV can prevent food from entering the esophagus.. - **Cut food into small pieces:** Chopping food makes it easier to swallow... - **Avoid eating hard and dry foods or foods that are difficult to swallow:** Avoid eating foods that are difficult to chew or swallow, such as raw vegetables or tough meat. It is safer to swallow them... Be sure to consult a doctor for individual advice on dysphagia management... Read more: Loss of muscle function and its treatment in Shiraz the result Dysphagia is a common disease that has various causes, including neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, and other diseases. Symptoms of dysphagia vary depending on the underlying cause, but typically include difficulty swallowing food or liquids, coughing or choking while eating, and regurgitation of food or liquids. Tests, endoscopy or barium swallowing tests are performed. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and is done with medication, surgery, or feeding tube... To avoid problems caused by dysphagia, eating slowly, chewing food thoroughly, avoiding foods that are difficult to swallow, and quitting smoking and alcohol are recommended...