What is the thyroid? The thyroid is a gland in the human body that produces certain chemical substances called hormones. The main hormones produced by the thyroid and secreted into the blood are: T4 or thyroxine and T3 or triiodothyronine. To find it, touch the apple of your throat with one finger and the top of the sternum with the other finger.... The thyroid is located in the small space between your two fingers.... Different types of thyroid disorders - **Hypothyroidism:** In babies with congenital hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland stops growing or is much smaller than normal. The location of this residual growth gland can be anywhere between the back of the tongue and its normal location in the front of the neck. and the only abnormal case is thyroid enlargement... - **Hashimoto's thyroiditis:** Hashimoto's thyroiditis or chronic inflammation of the thyroid, sometimes the thyroid due to an autoimmune disease leads to the thyroid.. to excessive secretion of thyroid hormone in the blood.... This disease is rare in children.... The most common cause of thyroid enlargement in children and teenagers is Hashimoto's thyroiditis.... they have thyroid disease It is more common.... Except for the enlargement of the thyroid and in some cases the increase of hypothyroidism, there is no other change... The management of Hashimoto's disease in children and adolescents is exactly the same as in adults.... Over time, the thyroid gland becomes smaller, but it may take several years.... - **Other thyroid disorders:** Uninodular thyroid, multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis is thyroid) and thyroid disorders are less common but less... thyroid causes Thyroid is a hormone gland in the neck that plays an important role in regulating metabolism, growth and development of the body.. Thyroid disorders can be divided into several main categories: ### Causes of hypothyroidism - The most common cause of hypothyroidism in children is the presence of a family history of this disease... - Iodine deficiency in the child's diet... - Inactive thyroid or congenital absence of the thyroid gland - Improper treatment of maternal thyroid disease during pregnancy Abnormal pituitary gland ### Causes of hyperthyroidism - Graves' disease in infants ### Causes of goiter - Uncommon hereditary causes of goiter - Hypothyroidism ### Causes of Hashimoto's thyroiditis - The most common cause of hypothyroidism in children is the family history of this disease... thyroid symptoms The symptoms of thyroid disorders are different depending on the type of disorder (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism).. ### Symptoms of hypothyroidism - Short stature or slow growth - Dry and rough skin - Constipation - Cold intolerance - Fatigue and lethargy - Drowsiness - Easy bruising of the skin - Delay in bone age in radiology - Late puberty (in teenagers) - Premature puberty - Headache - Vision problems ### Symptoms of hyperthyroidism - Emotional instability in which your child cries easily, becomes moody and irritable..... - Reduced concentration - Finger tremors - Increased appetite - Weight loss, lack of growth - Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) - Protrusion of the eyeball - Retraction of the upper eyelid - Blink very little - Red spots on the skin and general redness of the skin - Excessive sweating - Muscle weakness - Heart palpitations and suffocation - High blood pressure ### Symptoms of goiter - Hearing loss Thyroid treatment Treatment of thyroid disorders depends on the type of problem (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) and its severity... Below are the common treatment methods for each type of disorder: ### Treatment of hypothyroidism Lifelong treatment with daily use of thyroid tablets prevents mental disabilities and promotes normal development of the child... The dose of medicine is controlled and adjusted from infancy and childhood by measuring the level of TSH in the blood... ### Treatment of hyperthyroidism Treatment usually starts with anti-thyroid drugs. In some children, the thyroid gland is removed to control the disease after hyperthyroidism is controlled. In others, the best way is to use anti-thyroid drugs long-term.. Thyroid at any age from childhood is considered a long-term treatment. Radioactive iodine treatment and surgery lead to lifelong hypothyroidism, but this problem is resolved with levothyroxine supplements. It often fluctuates and leaves negative effects on his performance in school and sports activities... ### Congenital goitre treatment Treatment consists of giving thyroid hormone, which stops the secretion of TSH from the pituitary gland, and as a result, the thyroid gland shrinks slightly. In Hashimoto's disease, the secretion of thyroid hormone may be normal at diagnosis, but if the child has hypothyroidism, it should be controlled. After starting the treatment with thyroid hormone, it should be continued for life. Certain groups of children, such as children with diabetes, type 1 diabetes, Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, should be tested regularly. Because this group is more susceptible to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Call the number below to make an appointment. 88213218-021