The feeling of bitter taste in the mouth is a relatively common phenomenon that may be experienced in various situations, such as when waking up, after taking certain medications, or during periods of tension and anxiety. Although this feeling is temporary and harmless in many cases, in some situations it can be a sign of hidden disorders in the functioning of the digestive system, liver, mouth and teeth or even metabolic and hormonal factors. Identifying the exact cause of this unpleasant taste requires careful examination of the clinical history, general health status and daily habits of the person. In this article from Dr. Amani's website, we will try to investigate the most important causes of bitter taste in the mouth with a scientific approach. What is the cause of bitterness in the mouth? **Bitterness in the mouth is usually the result of disturbing the chemical, digestive or nervous balance of the body and can occur for several reasons. Among its most common causes are digestive disorders such as gastric or bile reflux, liver and bile problems, dry mouth and reduced saliva secretion, oral infections or gingivitis, and hormonal changes**. Also, taking certain medications—such as antibiotics, antidepressants, or iron supplements—can lead to a bitter taste in the mouth. In some cases, **stress and anxiety**, **smoking** or **improper nutrition** also play a role in this condition. If the taste is persistent or severe, it is a sign of a more serious internal problem and a specialist examination by a doctor is recommended. Symptoms of mouth bitterness Bitterness in the mouth is usually not limited to the sensation of an unpleasant taste, but can be accompanied by other symptoms that help identify its underlying cause. People who suffer from this problem may experience symptoms such as bad breath, dry mouth, burning sensation in the tongue or throat, loss of appetite and change in the sense of taste in addition to the bitter taste. In chronic or severe cases, this condition can affect a person's quality of life and be a sign of more serious disorders in the body. - Persistent bitter or metallic taste in the mouth - Bad breath - Dry mouth - Burning tongue or throat - Change in sense of taste - Loss of appetite - Nausea - Bitterness in the mouth, especially in the morning - Feeling of mass or coating on the tongue The presence of a bitter taste in the mouth, especially when it is accompanied by other symptoms such as dry mouth, bad breath, or a change in the sense of taste, can be a sign of malfunctioning parts of the body that need to be investigated more closely. If this condition continues continuously or is accompanied by warning symptoms, it will be necessary to see a doctor for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Timely diagnosis can prevent the development of underlying diseases and improve the quality of life. Liver and mouth bitterness The liver is one of the most important organs of the body in the process of detoxification, metabolism and regulating the balance of chemicals. When the function of the liver is disturbed, the accumulation of waste materials and toxins in the body can lead to various symptoms, including bitterness in the mouth. This symptom has been reported especially in patients with fatty liver, hepatitis or liver failure. **In such a situation, the bitter taste may be caused by the return of bile to the upper digestive system or changes in the secretion of enzymes and hormones related to the liver.** **Bitterness in the mouth related to the liver usually worsens in the morning or after consuming heavy meals and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as yellow skin and eyes, extreme fatigue, nausea, pain in the right upper abdomen and loss of appetite.** Therefore, the presence of a chronic bitter taste in the mouth can be considered as one of the warning signs of liver problems and requires careful medical examination. What is the sign of bitterness in the mouth? The feeling of bitter taste in the mouth, especially if it occurs continuously or frequently, can be a sign of a dysfunction of one of the internal organs of the body or an upset of the chemical balance in the mouth. This condition may be caused by digestive problems such as gastric reflux, liver diseases, or even oral infections and disorders in the secretion of saliva. Sometimes the bitterness of the mouth appears as one of the side effects of taking some medicines, lack of vitamins or even chronic stress and anxiety. بررسی دقیق علت تلخی دهان می‌تواند راهگشای درمان مناسب و پیشگیری از عوارض بلندمدت باشد. - Gastric reflux (return of acid to the esophagus and mouth) - Liver problems such as fatty liver or impaired bile secretion - Mouth, gum or tongue infections - Dry mouth and decreased saliva - ✅ Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause) - Taking certain medications (antibiotics, blood pressure medications or antidepressants) - Poisoning with heavy metals (such as lead or mercury) - Lack of vitamins, especially B group vitamins - Smoking or unhealthy eating Anxiety, stress or depression Considering the variety of factors that cause bitter taste in the mouth, this symptom cannot be simply ignored. In some cases, it may be a simple cause such as dry mouth or medication, but in other situations, this symptom can be a sign of more serious diseases such as liver problems or digestive disorders. Therefore, medical follow-up and specialized examination in case of continuation or exacerbation of symptoms is considered a necessary measure to maintain the general health of the body. The cause of bitterness in the mouth after eating Bitterness in the mouth after eating is one of the common digestive problems that can have many reasons. This condition usually occurs when the digestive system does not function properly or there is a disorder in the secretion of enzymes, stomach acid or bile. The most common cause of this problem is the return of stomach acid or bile to the esophagus and mouth, which is known as gastric reflux or biliary reflux. Also, the type of food consumed, improper eating habits, taking some medications and liver or gall bladder diseases can also cause bitterness in the mouth after eating. - 🔴 Gastric reflux (GERD) - 🔴 bile reflux - Liver or biliary disorders - Overeating or eating fatty and heavy foods - Slow chewing or fast eating - Taking drugs such as antibiotics or anti-hypertensive drugs - 🔴 Infection or inflammation in the mouth and gums - 🔴 lack of water and dry mouth - Digestive problems such as indigestion or slow gastric emptying - Unhealthy diet and excessive consumption of coffee, tea or alcohol In many cases, the bitterness in the mouth after a meal is a direct result of bad eating habits or mild digestive disorders, which can be controlled by modifying the eating style and avoiding stimulating foods. However, if this condition recurs consistently or is accompanied by symptoms such as heartburn, bloating or nausea, it can be a sign of more serious problems such as gastric reflux or liver disease. In such a situation, it is necessary to see a doctor and carry out specialized examinations for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Pills to remove the bitterness of the mouth Medicines prescribed to reduce or eliminate bitterness in the mouth vary depending on the underlying cause. If the bitterness in the mouth is caused by gastric reflux or excessive stomach acid, drugs such as **omeprazole**, **pantoprazole** or **famotidine** are usually prescribed by the doctor to reduce the secretion of stomach acid and control inflammation of the esophagus. Over time, these drugs can also improve the feeling of bitterness in the mouth. In cases where mouth bitterness is caused by liver or bile dysfunction, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as Ursodiol to improve bile flow or silymarin as a liver protective supplement. These drugs can help relieve the bitter taste by reducing liver inflammation and improving bile function. If the cause of bitter mouth is chronic dry mouth or reduced saliva secretion, drugs such as **pilocarpine** that stimulate the salivary glands can be effective. Sugar-free oral lozenges or lozenges may also be recommended. If there is an infection or inflammation in the mouth and gums, the use of **oral antibiotics or antiseptic mouthwashes** (under the advice of a dentist or general practitioner) can help improve the condition and eliminate the bitter taste. Also, in situations where mouth bitterness is caused by stress or chronic anxiety, the doctor may suggest mild anti-anxiety drugs such as **chlordiazepoxide or even soothing herbal supplements such as valerian or burdock**. The cause of bitterness in the mouth at night Bitterness in the mouth at night or when waking up is one of the common complaints that can occur for various reasons. In many cases, this condition is caused by a decrease in saliva secretion during sleep; Saliva plays an important role in washing the mouth and neutralizing acids, and its reduction can cause dryness and bitterness in the mouth. Also, in the supine position, **gastric reflux or the return of acid and bile into the esophagus** occurs more easily and a bitter taste enters the mouth. Other effective factors include improper oral hygiene, infection or inflammation of the gums, taking certain medications at night (such as antibiotics, antidepressants or iron supplements), dehydration, mouth breathing while sleeping or snoring. Also **people who have liver or gallbladder problems** may feel a bitter taste in the mouth more at night or in the morning. Bitterness of the mouth and bile Bitterness in the mouth can be one of the symptoms of bile returning from the stomach to the esophagus and mouth, a condition called **bile reflux**. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver and is involved in the digestion of fats, but if it moves up instead of entering the intestine, it causes a bitter and unpleasant taste in the mouth. This condition is usually aggravated after eating fatty foods or lying down and may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, burning throat or a feeling of fullness in the stomach. Dysfunction of the gallbladder or liver can also be the cause of this problem. What should we eat for bitterness in the mouth? Bitterness in the mouth is often the result of digestive problems, dry mouth, or dysfunction of the liver and bile. Improving nutrition can play an important role in reducing this condition. Drinking enough water, consuming foods that cool the liver, fresh fruits and vegetables, and foods that help to secrete saliva are some of the effective ways to improve this problem. It is also very important to avoid heavy, fatty, spicy or very sweet foods. Here is a list of useful foods to reduce bitterness in the mouth: - ✅ Cool water Parsley - Celery - Mint - ✅ Lettuce - Apple - Pineapple - Watermelon - Cucumber - ✅ Orange - ✅ Mint tea - Chamomile tea - ✅ Chicory sweat - ✅ Shatar sweat - ✅ Fresh ginger - Probiotic yogurt - ✅ Kefir - Gum without sugar - ✅ Light soup - Mild green tea Consuming natural, light and cooling foods along with drinking enough water can play an important role in reducing mouth bitterness. Modifying your diet not only helps improve your taste buds, but also benefits your overall digestive, liver, and oral health. Of course, if this problem continues continuously, it is better to examine and treat the underlying cause by a doctor at the same time as observing proper nutrition. Summary Bitterness in the mouth may seem like a simple problem at first glance, but it can be a sign of digestive, liver, biliary disorders, or even caused by some medications and stress. Accurate identification of its cause is very important, because in many cases it can be controlled by modifying nutrition, increasing water consumption, maintaining oral hygiene and drug treatment. If this condition persists, it is necessary to see a doctor and undergo specialized examinations to prevent more serious problems. Addressing such minor symptoms is an important step in maintaining the overall health of the body.