Testicular cancer diagnosis method

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If you want to know what causes testicular cancer, we must say that the exact cause of this disease is not known. Male tormogonadism begins when a change occurs in the DNA of testicular cells. Each cell's DNA contains the instructions that determine what the cell should do. These changes command the cells to grow and multiply rapidly. Instead of dying, which is part of the normal life cycle of cells, cancer cells continue to grow, which leads to the accumulation of extra cells in the testicle, eventually forming a mass called a tumor. Over time, the tumor may go beyond the testicle and spread to other areas. Some cells break away from the original tumor and spread to other parts of the body. Male gonadal cancer usually spreads to the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. When the disease reaches other parts of the body, it is called metastatic cancer. Almost all male gonad tumors start from germ cells. These cells are responsible for sperm production. The cause of DNA change in these cells has not yet been determined. ### risk factors for disease Factors that increase the risk of male gonadal tumor include the following: - **Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism):** Testicles are formed in the abdomen during the fetal period and go into the scrotum before birth. If one of the testicles never descends, the risk of developing a male gonadal tumor increases. Even if the problem is corrected with surgery, there is still a chance of developing cancer. - **Family history of male gonadal cancer:** If one of your family members has been affected by this disease, you are more at risk than others. - **Being young:** Testicular cancer is more common in teenagers and adults aged 15 to 45. However, it can occur at any age. - **White race:** Male gonadal tumor is more common in white people than other races.

Sometimes you notice a lump, swelling, or other cancer symptoms yourself. These symptoms may also be detected by the doctor during the examination. Tests are needed to determine if your symptoms are related to cancer. Testicular cancer testing is done in a variety of ways, including: - **Diagnosis of testicular cancer with ultrasound:** This test helps the doctor to better understand the nature of the lumps. Ultrasound determines whether the mass is inside or outside the testicle. Lumps inside the testicle are more likely to be cancerous. - **Testicular cancer diagnosis with blood test:** This test can detect the proteins produced by cancer cells. The presence of these substances in the blood alone does not mean cancer; But their abnormal increase can be an important clue for the doctor. - **Surgery to remove the testicle:** If the doctor suspects cancer, he may suggest surgery to remove the testicle. The removed testicle is sent to a laboratory to determine if it is cancerous. The stages of male gonadal cancer are graded from zero to three: **Stage zero and one**: The tumor is limited to the testicle and its surrounding area and has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. - **Stage 2:** The cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. - **Stage three:** The cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Of course, not all cancers in stage three necessarily reach distant places. Stage three can mean that the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and the levels of tumor markers are abnormally high.

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