**What is endometrial cancer?** Endometrium is the lining of the uterus. The uterus, which is a hollow organ about the size and shape of a pear, is located in the pelvic area of ​​women and is the organ in which the fetus grows until delivery. The upper part of the uterus is called the uterine body or corpus; The lower and narrow part of the uterus is called the cervix. The cervix is ​​located in the area between the uterus and the vagina. The outer layer of the uterus is called the myometrium. Myometrium is a thick layer and consists of strong muscles. These muscles contract during labor to propel the baby forward. **Symptoms of endometrial cancer or uterine cancer** Symptoms of endometrial cancer or uterine cancer include: Vaginal bleeding after menopause Bleeding between periods Discharge of watery, abnormal and dark colored fluids (blood color) from the vagina hip pain Pain during intercourse **When should you see a doctor?** If you have experienced symptoms and complications such as: vaginal bleeding and secretion of fluids that are not related to your menstrual period, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse that cause you concern, make an appointment with your doctor. ** Causes of endometrial cancer or uterine cancer ** The exact causes of endometrial cancer are not known. But there is a clear point in this regard that endometrial or uterine cancer is caused by genetic mutations in the cells of the endometrium or uterine endometrium. Genetic mutation turns healthy and normal cells into abnormal cells. Healthy cells grow in several stages and eventually die at a certain time, but abnormal cells grow out of control and do not die. The accumulation of abnormal cells forms a mass called a tumor. Cancer cells attack nearby tissues and spread throughout the body, which is called metastasis. **4th stage of endometrial cancer** Treatment for stage IV endometrial cancer may include: **Surgery with chemotherapy or radiation** Internal and external radiation therapy for patients who cannot undergo surgery. Hormone therapy for patients whose cancer has spread to other parts of the body (such as the lungs). Combination chemotherapy with or without biological therapy. Clinical trials for targeted therapies. Clinical trials for chemotherapy Talk to your doctor about clinical trial treatments that may be right for you. **treatment options for recurrent uterine cancer** Treatment for recurrent uterine cancer may include: **Radiotherapy as a palliative treatment to eliminate symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life** - Combined chemotherapy with or without biological therapy - Targeted treatments under clinical trials - New methods of chemotherapy under clinical trials #### Dr. Siddiqa Akhan Tabib **Surgeon and specialist in gynecology, childbirth and infertility** **Office:** Valiasr Street, below Vali Asr Square, Voldi Street, No. 21, 1st floor Set time Tel: 021-88938793