Investigating the role of pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of children's allergies Allergy is one of the most common health problems in childhood that can affect a child's quality of life. These abnormal reactions of the immune system are sometimes mild (such as sneezing or hives), but in severe cases they can be life-threatening. Meanwhile, pediatrician or pediatric allergist plays an important role in identifying, treating and long-term management of this disease. In this article, we fully discuss the issue of allergy in children, its causes and symptoms, the difference between allergy and other diseases, and the role of a pediatrician in its diagnosis and treatment. What is allergy in children? Allergy is an abnormal reaction of the child's immune system to substances that are not harmful to the body in normal conditions. These substances, called allergens, can include dust, plant pollen, animal hair, food, drugs, or even insect bites. The most common types of allergies in children are: Food allergy (egg, milk, peanut, wheat, soy, etc.) Respiratory allergies (asthma, seasonal allergies, allergic rhinitis) Skin allergies (eczema, hives, allergic dermatitis) Anaphylaxis (very severe and dangerous allergic reaction) Allergy symptoms in children Symptoms may vary depending on the type of allergen, but the most common symptoms are: ### Respiratory symptoms - Continuous sneezing - Runny nose and eyes - Wheezing - Chronic coughs - Shortness of breath or asthma ### Gastrointestinal symptoms - Heartache, nausea or vomiting - Severe diarrhea or bloating - Anorexia or weight loss ### Skin symptoms - Hives - itching - Dry and cracked skin (eczema) - Swelling of the lips, eyelids or tongue The role of pediatricians in allergy diagnosis ### Detailed history review First, the pediatrician begins to collect basic information by thoroughly examining the family history, the history of allergic diseases in the child, the type of feeding (for example, breast milk or formula), environmental conditions at home and school. ### Complete clinical examination The doctor tries to identify allergic patterns by examining the skin, lungs, nose and eyes. For example, wrinkling under the eyes or mouth breathing may be a sign of allergic rhinitis. ### Request for diagnostic tests If necessary, the doctor may refer the child to an allergy specialist or prescribe tests such as the following: Skin Prick Test: direct contact of the allergen with the skin for quick diagnosis Blood test (IgE): check for specific antibodies Food challenge test: in a controlled environment and under the supervision of a doctor Breathing tests: such as spirometry to diagnose asthma Treatment of allergies in children under the supervision of a doctor ### Eliminate or reduce contact with allergens The most important and first step in the treatment of allergies is to identify and remove the allergen from the child's environment. Along the way, the doctor offers recommendations about room ventilation, using an air filter, removing carpets or pets, and even changing the diet. ### Prescribing appropriate medications Depending on the type of allergy, the doctor may prescribe the following medications: Antihistamines to reduce itching and discharge Inhaler sprays to control asthma Cortone creams for eczema Anti-inflammatory drugs immunotherapy (desensitization) In some cases where the allergy is severe and chronic, the doctor refers the child to specialized centers for immunotherapy. In this method, a small amount of allergen enters the body over time so that the immune system gets used to it. The important role of parent education by the doctor A good pediatrician in Tehran does not just prescribe medicine. She teaches parents to: - How to recognize the early symptoms of allergies. - How to prevent anaphylaxis attacks. - Learn how to use a spray or medicine. - What foods and substances should the child avoid contact with? - How to protect the child in school and travel. The pediatrician may also work closely with the daycare or school to help manage the child's allergies. When should the child be taken to an allergist? If your child: - He often has a runny nose and sneezing. - Nocturnal cough or shortness of breath. - After consuming a certain food, he has skin or digestive symptoms. - He has a family history of allergies or asthma. - Does not respond well to initial treatments. In this case, it is necessary to see a pediatric allergy specialist or a referral from a general pediatrician. Allergy in children and family mental health Living with chronic allergies, especially in young children, can be challenging for parents. A good child doctor, with empathy and education, helps to reduce the anxiety of the mother and father and promotes the mental peace of the family. The difference between an allergy and a cold or a simple allergy It is very important to distinguish between a common cold and seasonal allergies. While their symptoms are similar, the following usually favor allergies: An experienced doctor in Tehran identifies these differences and suggests appropriate treatment. #### Summary Allergy is one of the most important childhood health problems that, if not diagnosed and treated in time, can lead to chronic diseases, growth disorders and reduced quality of life. Dr. Mehdi Afshari, a pediatrician, is the first and most important companion of parents in identifying, treating and managing children's allergies. By choosing the right doctor, regular follow-up and family cooperation, the allergy can be well controlled and the child can be put back on the path to health.