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Sensitivity of teeth to temperature changes, whether it's when drinking a glass of cold water or drinking a hot cup of coffee—is a common dental problem that can affect quality of life. This problem usually appears as short-term and sharp pain or shooting in response to thermal stimuli.

In this article, we discuss the main causes of this sensitivity, its diagnosis and treatment methods, and in a part of the text, we discuss the prevention of sensitivity after treatments such as [ We will mention the sensitivity after the dental implant].

Why does the tooth become sensitive to temperature?

The tooth structure consists of several layers:

• Enamel: the hard outer layer of the tooth that protects it from external factors.
• dentin: the middle layer that contains microscopic tubes (dentin tubules).
• Tooth pulp: the central part that contains nerves and blood vessels.

When the tooth enamel is damaged or the gums decay and the dentin is exposed, thermal stimuli are quickly transmitted through the tubules to the nerve and cause pain.

The most important reasons for teeth sensitivity to temperature changes

1. Gingival analysis

With receding gums, the root of the tooth, which does not have a protective layer of enamel, is directly exposed. This condition is usually caused by gum disease or improper brushing.

1. Tooth decay

The holes created in the enamel cause the tooth dentin to be exposed to external stimuli more quickly.

1. Fracture or hairline cracks of the tooth

Minor cracks that are sometimes invisible to the eye can shorten the path of heat transfer to the nerve.

1. Tooth enamel wear

Excessive use of rough toothbrushes or abrasive toothpastes, and even teeth grinding, causes enamel erosion and dentine exposure.

1. Recent dental treatments

Restorations, bleaching or even deep gum treatments can cause temporary sensitivity.

1. Root exposure to the oral environment

This condition is more common especially after gum surgery or implant treatments, if the post-operative care is not done properly.

How is tooth sensitivity diagnosed?

After the clinical examination, the dentist usually uses tools to test the reaction of the tooth to cold or heat. In some cases, X-rays (radiography) are needed to check for decay or bone loss.

Solutions to treat tooth sensitivity

1. Home treatment and care

• Using antiallergic toothpaste containing potassium nitrate or strontium chloride
• brushing with a soft brush and gentle movements
• Avoid eating overly acidic foods (soda, lemon juice, pickles)

1. Dental treatments

• Fluoride therapy to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce the transmission of stimuli
• Bonding or resin coating for damaged parts of the dentin
• Gingival grafting in cases of severe erosion to cover the exposed root
• Root treatment (nerve removal) in cases of severe and uncontrollable sensitivity

The role of dental implants in sensitivity

Although the implant itself does not cause nerve sensitivity like a natural tooth (because it has no nerve), the tissues around it, including the gum and bone, can be irritated. Observance of care tips can prevent sensitivity after implant. Getting to know the methods of [preventing sensitivity after dental implants] can help patients to adapt to this treatment more easily.

Tips to prevent tooth sensitivity to temperature changes

1. maintain oral hygiene with a soft toothbrush and daily floss
2. Regular use of mouthwashes containing fluoride
3. Periodic visits to the dentist for scaling and checking the health of the gums
4. Avoid opening bottles or breaking hard materials with teeth
5. reducing the consumption of very cold or hot foods in a row

When should you see a dentist?

• Severe or prolonged pain
• sensitivity with bleeding gums or swelling
• Change in color or stain on the teeth
• Persistent sensitivity after dental treatments

Summary

Sensitivity of teeth to temperature changes can be caused by enamel damage, gingivitis, tooth decay or cracks. By observing proper hygiene, using anti-allergic toothpaste and visiting the dentist regularly, this problem can be controlled or prevented. Also, in treatments such as implants, observing the care tips and getting to know the strategies to prevent sensitivity after dental implants plays an important role in maintaining the patient's health and comfort.

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