The first vaccines

Edward Jenner invented a method of protection against smallpox in 1796. In this method, fluid from the blister of a person suffering from cowpox was extracted and then inoculated into the skin of another person. This method was called "arm-to-arm vaccination". However, by the late 1940s, when science had advanced enough, large-scale vaccine production was possible, and efforts to control the disease began in earnest. the beginning It was.

The next generation of vaccines that are routinely prescribed today were invented in the early 20th century....These vaccines include whooping cough (1914), diphtheria (1926) and tetanus (1938)..

Recommended vaccines in the late 1940s

Smallpox

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

* It was presented in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine.

Polio vaccine: the vaccine everyone has been waiting for

Parents were afraid of the polio epidemic that occurred every summer.. They kept their children away from swimming pools, sent them to the countryside to stay with relatives, and wanted to know how the disease spread from person to person.. They waited for the vaccine, followed the vaccine trials closely, and sent money to the White House to help the cause.. When the polio vaccine was discovered and approved in 1955, people across the country celebrated and its discoverer, Jonas Salk, became a hero.

Recommended vaccines in the late 1950s

Smallpox

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Polio (IPV)

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

Measles, mumps and rubella: later vaccines discovered in the 1960s

In 1963, the measles vaccine was developed, and by the late 1960s, vaccines that provided immunity against mumps (1967) and measles (1969) were also available. The three vaccines were combined in 1971 and released as the MMR triple vaccine..

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Recommended vaccines in the late 1960s

Smallpox

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Polio (OPV)

Measles

Orion

Measles

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

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1970s-vaccine success

During the 1970s, a vaccine was eliminated....Following successful efforts to eradicate smallpox, the smallpox vaccine has not been prescribed or used since 1972...Although research continued to develop a vaccine, no new vaccine was introduced during the 1970s.

Recommended vaccines in the late 1970s

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Polio (OPV)

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

** in the form of combined MMR vaccine

Vaccine development in the 1980s–hepatitis Band Haemophilus influenza typeb

The Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine was discovered and approved in 1985 and was included in the list of recommended vaccines in 1989. When the list was republished in 1994, the hepatitis B vaccine was added.

Hepatitis B vaccine was not a new vaccine. Since it was licensed in 1981, it was recommended for people at high risk of developing the disease (including infants whose mothers tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, health care workers, intravenous drug users, homosexual men, and people with multiple sexual partners). Because the one-third of people with the acute form of the disease were not among the high-risk groups for developing the disease. The vaccine in 1991, as it should The use for all infants was the result of these failed efforts to control hepatitis B, in which only those at risk were vaccinated...Following this routine change, hepatitis B disease in children under 18 years of age in the United States almost disappeared.

Recommended vaccines from 1985 to 1994

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

Polio (OPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Recommended vaccines in 1994 and 1995

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

Polio (OPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb)

Hepatitis B

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

** in the form of combined MMR vaccine

Annual Immunization Program Updates – from 1995 to 2010

As newer vaccines become available, annual updates to this schedule are necessary because of changes that vaccine manufacturers need to be aware of, including detailed information about who each vaccine is for, the age or age range of the person receiving the vaccine, the number of vaccine doses, the time between doses, and the use of combination vaccines.

Important changes in this program between 1995-2010 include the following:

• New vaccines: chickenpox (chickenpox - 1996), rotavirus (1998-1999; 2006, 2008).. Hepatitis A (2000); Pneumococcal vaccine (2001)
• Additional recommendations for available vaccines: Influenza (2002); Hepatitis A (2006)
New versions of current vaccines: Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (DTaP, 1997).. Intranasal Spray Influenza Vaccine (2004)
• Failure to continue vaccine use: oral polio vaccine (2000)

Recommended vaccines in 2000

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

Polio (IPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb)

Hepatitis B

varicella

Hepatitis A

Recommended vaccines in 2005

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

Polio (IPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb)

Hepatitis B

varicella

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Influenza

Recommended vaccines in 2010

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion**

Measles ***

Polio (IPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb)

Hepatitis B

varicella

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Influenza

rotavirus

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

** in the form of combined MMR vaccine

Program from 2011 to now

Annual updates to the adult and pediatric immunization schedule contain guidance for health care providers that may include new recommendations, changes to existing recommendations, or clarifications to help these individuals interpret and understand the schedule in specific situations. These programs are reviewed and reviewed by committees that include experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Important changes in the program:

• New vaccines: Meningococcal vaccine with serotype B (2014)
• Additional recommendations for current vaccines: HPV (2011, for routine use in male vaccination), intranasal spray influenza vaccine (2018, recommended again)
• Vaccine Discontinuation: Intranasal Influenza Vaccine (2016)

Recommended vaccines in 2019

Diphtheria *

Tetanus *

Whooping cough *

Measles ***

Orion ***

Measles ***

Polio (IPV)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb)

Hepatitis B

varicella

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Influenza

rotavirus

* in the form of DTP triple combination vaccine

** in the form of combined MMR vaccine

Combined vaccines

In the early 1950s, four vaccines were available: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and smallpox.... Because three of these vaccines were combined into one vaccine (DTP), children received a total of 5 doses and only one injection at a time by age 2.

Until the mid-1980s, seven vaccines were available: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, and polio... Since six of these vaccines were combined into two vaccines (DTP and MMR) and one vaccine called the polio vaccine was administered orally, children up to the age of 2 years received a total of 5 injections and only one injection each time.

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Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the immunization schedule.... As a result, the vaccination schedule has become more complex than before, and many more children are receiving vaccines than before.... Currently, children can receive up to 27 vaccines at once, up to 27 times available:

• Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis
• Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and polio were killed and deactivated
• Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, killed and inactivated polio and hepatitis B
• Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, killed and inactivated polio and Hemophilus influenza type b
• measles, mumps and rubella
• measles, mumps, rubella and varicella
• Haemophilus influenza type b and hepatitis B

Adolescent vaccines: a new generation of vaccines

It was recommended that teenagers, like adults, receive a tetanus booster every 10 years, the most mandatory dose of which is around 11 years old.. However, most teenagers do not need any other vaccine except for this vaccine.. Until 2005, vaccines for the adolescent group were only recommended for subgroups, depending on where they live or medical conditions.. However, in the second half of the decade, a new group of vaccines became available.

• New vaccines: Tdap, 2005, meningococcal conjugate vaccine (2005), HPV (2006 for women, 2009 for men), meningococcal serotype B vaccine (2014)
• Additional recommendations for current vaccines: HPV (2011, for routine use in male vaccination), intranasal spray influenza vaccine (2018, recommended again)
• New versions of current vaccines: HPV (immunity against 9 different serotypes, 2015)
• Vaccine Discontinuation: Intranasal Influenza Vaccine (2016)

Year 2000

Recommended vaccines

Td

Compensatory vaccines

MMR

Hepatitis B

varicella

Subcategories

Hepatitis A

Year 2005

Recommended vaccines

Tdap

Compensatory vaccines

MMR

Hepatitis B

varicella

Subcategories

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Influenza

Year 2010

Recommended vaccines

Tdap

HPV

Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (serotypes A, C, W and Y)

Influenza

Compensatory vaccines

MMR

Hepatitis B

varicella

Polio

Subcategories

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Year 2019

Recommended vaccines

Tdap

HPV

Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (serotypes A, C, W and Y)

Influenza

Meningococcal serotype B Compensatory vaccines

MMR

Hepatitis B

varicella

Polio

Subcategories

Hepatitis A

Pneumococcus

Adult vaccines: increasing opportunities for health

In the past, vaccines were thought to be just for children...however, adult vaccines are becoming more common and necessary.. Most adults think that the only vaccine they should get is the tetanus booster that they should get every 10 years, and even then, many adults only get the vaccine if they are exposed to it... against pertussis.... All adults, especially those around and in contact with babies, should get the Tdap vaccine.... Often, adults unwittingly pass on whooping cough to babies, which can be fatal. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that pregnant women should receive the Tdap vaccine for each pregnancy at 36.19 to 27 weeks. For disease control and prevention, it is recommended that the Tdap or Td vaccine can be used as a tetanus booster every 10 years.

The flu vaccine, which has been available since the 1940s, is now recommended for most adults.. Vaccines such as MMR and chicken pox are given to adults who have not previously been exposed to the diseases that the vaccines protect against and hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and vaccupines.. The HPV vaccine became available in 2006.. In 2018, this The vaccine was developed and approved for use in people up to age 45. The first shingles vaccine, Zostavax, was approved in 2006. The second shingles vaccine, Shingrix, approved in 2017, produces a stronger immune response than Zostavax. Two doses of the vaccine, 2 to 6 months apart, are recommended for people age 50 and older. In 2019, the Zostavax vaccine was discontinued.

Unlike childhood vaccines, which are usually required for school entry, the adult vaccine is not mandatory...a lack of commitment and adherence to preventive health care by most adults has resulted in very little adult vaccine uptake.