Local anesthesia and anesthesia
3 months ago
627 بازدید
Dr. Bahman Pouragadham
TehranSurgeon - dentist
Local anesthesia and anesthesia
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Local anesthesia and anesthesia / Strong pain relievers known as anesthetics not only help the patient to feel more comfortable during the treatment, but also after the procedure. Anesthesia has different methods and varies from local injection, to the mild sedation effects of nitrous oxide and the state of complete relaxation with intravenous (IV) anesthesia. You can choose a suitable anesthesia method that you can use to perform your dental treatment without pain or fear. The anesthesia method chosen for the patient or by him/herself will depend on the type of surgery and the level of fear and the amount of pain. There are different methods that you can use to make your treatment process easier. Some of these methods control pain, some have a sedative effect, and others put you into a deep sleep during dental treatment. The type of operation to be performed, your general health status, history of allergies and level of anxiety are considered when choosing the right method for anesthesia.
**What is the fear of dentistry?**
Many people do not go to the dentist because of anxiety and fear. These people have fears that usually become very intense and unbearable. Dental phobia is a more severe complication and causes people to cancel their dental appointments altogether or not go to the office. There are different types of anesthesia that can be used to calm anxious people or people with dental phobia.
**Types**
There are three general types of anesthesia; Local, regional and general. All these methods affect the nervous system and these methods of anesthesia can be created with different methods and different drugs.
In the following, we will have a brief look at each of these methods:
### **local anesthesia**
A local anesthetic (which can be given as an injection, spray, or ointment) numbs only a small, specific area of the body (for example, a leg, a hand, or a piece of skin). Lidocaine is the most common type of local anesthesia used by dentists.
When using local anesthesia, the person is awake or slightly drowsy, depending on his needs. Local anesthesia is effective for a short period of time and is used for outpatient and minor procedures (when people come in for surgery and then can go home the same day). Local anesthesia is usually used for people having surgery in a clinic or office (such as a dentist's or dermatologist's office). The drug used during the surgery and for some time afterwards numbs the treated area so that the discomforts caused by the treatment are reduced.
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### **Sedatives**
#### **Nitrous oxide sedative**
Tooth pulling
- Deep tooth filling
- Gum surgery
- Dental cosmetic methods
- Dental veneers and bridges
- Dental implants
- Oral surgeries
Sedatives are different from anesthesia but are used as an adjunct to anesthesia during dental treatments. In this method, sedative and anti-anxiety drugs are used to help keep the person calm during the dental treatment. This will reduce discomfort during the procedure as well as discomfort after it, and will probably reduce your fear of dentistry in the future. The duration of the effect of these drugs will be different depending on the type and dose used, as well as the duration of the treatment. Someone needs to bring you to the office and then bring you back home. After treatment for 24 hours, you should not drive or do any dangerous activity.
There are four different types of sedatives used by dentists today:
**Oral sedatives**
Oral sedatives such as diazepam can be given to the patient the night before the dental appointment or an hour to half an hour before, depending on the person's anxiety level. Oral sedatives will not relieve pain, and as a result, the use of local anesthesia will be necessary to perform the treatment.
One of the types of inhaled sedatives is nitrous oxide gas (also known as laughing gas), which can induce a state of relaxation in the body. A local anesthetic is also used along with this gas to completely neutralize the pain.
Dental anxiety
High tooth sensitivity
Difficulty in anesthesia
Complex dental problems
Fear of the injection
Limited time to complete dental treatment
Severe damage to the teeth
Difficulty in controlling body movements
Young children who do not cooperate to perform dentistry.
Patients with cerebral palsy or Parkinson's disease sometimes cannot control their movements. Therefore, sedatives can be used for these people.
People who have certain medical complications. They should inform their dentist before using sedatives for dental treatment. The use of sedation for dentistry is usually done for people 18 years and older. However, there are specialists for using these drugs on children who can treat children who cannot tolerate dental treatment.
###### **General Anesthesia**
The purpose of general anesthesia is to make a person completely unconscious and keep him in this state. In this case, the person will not be conscious during the operation and will not have any memory of the operation after the operation. General anesthesia can be induced by intravenous or IV injection (which usually involves inserting a needle into a vein in the arm) or by inhaling special gases and vapors through a mask. The treatment or the needs of the patient really require it. Some of the factors that lead to the use of general anesthesia are:
- Extreme dental anxiety
- The person's body does not respond to sedatives
- Aggressive treatment with high discomfort level
- Inability to keep the body still for treatment
- developmental disabilities
##### ** Numbness and children's fear of dentistry**
Some children have a long-standing fear of the dentist and going to the dentist is a very difficult experience for them. However, it is important that children are regularly examined by a pediatric dentist. There are recommendations to deal with children who have severe anxiety and fear of the dentist, including:
Start dental examinations at an early age so that your child is familiar with dentistry and comfortable with it.
Force your child to observe proper oral and dental hygiene to minimize the visit to the dentist.
Be careful not to transfer your fear of dentistry to your child.
Another way to deal with a child's dental anxiety is to visit a dentist who specializes in children. If left untreated, dental anxiety can turn into severe dental fear and phobia in older age. To prevent poor oral hygiene, the above suggestions can reduce your child's fear of the dentist.
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Bahman Hossein Pouragadham
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