The best pediatrician ### Cause of kidney diseases Hereditary diseases Hereditary kidney diseases are passed from parents to children through genes.. One of these diseases is polycystic kidney disease, in which groups of fluid-filled cysts or abnormal sacs are formed, which gradually increase the size of both kidneys. This disease causes scars in the kidneys. **The best pediatrician in Tehran** **congenital defect** Congenital defects occur during the development of the baby in the mother's womb.... Congenital defects that affect the kidneys can be called renal dysplasia, renal agenesis, and ectopic kidney.... In general, **children*** with these defects will live a healthy life.... Of course, some children with kidney dysplasia are at risk of developing renal dysplasia.. Abnormalities in the The size, structure or position of the kidney is: Renal dysplasia: **children** born with two kidneys, one of which does not work.. Renal agenesis: children born with only one kidney.. Hypoalbuminemia: low level of albumin in the blood. Ectopic kidney: Children born with kidneys that are located below, above, or on the opposite side of the normal position Minimal change disease Minimal change disease involves damage to the glomeruli that can only be seen with the help of an electron microscope.... This type of microscope shows very small details.... Scientists do not know the exact cause of minimal change disease.... Some pediatricians believe that this disease occurs after allergic reactions, vaccinations and viral infections.... Focal means that only part of the glomeruli are injured... Segmental means that the damage has affected only part of the glomerulus... #### Read more: **Best Pediatrician** Proliferative glomerulonephritis includes a series of disorders that cause the accumulation of antibodies in the glomeruli and their thickening and damage.. This syndrome is a set of symptoms that indicate kidney damage: Hyperlipidemia: High levels of fat and cholesterol in the blood Albuminuria: A person's urine contains a large amount of albumin.. a protein that is generally present in the blood.. Edema: Swelling usually in the legs, feet and ankles and less often in the hands or face.. **Infection** Hemolytic uremic syndrome **Hemolytic uremic syndrome** is a rare disease that is often caused by E. coli bacteria found in contaminated foods such as meat, dairy products, and fruit juices. This syndrome occurs when E. coli bacteria are present in the digestive tract. They produce toxins that enter the bloodstream. The toxins begin to destroy red blood cells and damage the lining of blood vessels, including glomeruli. Most of the children who get this infection experience vomiting, stomach cramps and bloody diarrhea for two to three days.. Read: **The best pediatrician in Tehran** Streptococcal glomerulonephritis Streptococcal glomerulonephritis occurs after a strep throat or skin infection... **Streptococcus bacteria** does not attack the kidneys directly.. The infection may stimulate the immune system and cause an overproduction of antibodies.. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system.. The immune system works by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and Protects the body from other harmful foreign particles.. When excess antibodies are present in the blood and collect in the glomeruli, the kidneys suffer glomerular damage.. Up to three weeks after the infection is not treated. **Children** In rare cases, it causes permanent damage to the kidneys... Symptoms of kidney stones in children include severe pain, blood in the stool or vomiting, which requires immediate treatment. **The best pediatricians** #### Symptoms of kidney stones in children Pink, red, or brown blood in the urine or hematuria Severe, throbbing pain in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin Inability to urinate or passing small amounts of urine Pain during urination Cloudy or foul-smelling urine Restlessness, especially in younger children Urgent need to urinate #### Causes of kidney stones in children Kidney stones **children** are caused due to the presence of calcium, oxalate or phosphorus in the urine... these minerals are naturally present in the urine and as long as they are within the normal range, they do not cause problems... in cases where the child is prone to the formation of kidney stones and drinks increase the kidney stones. In children... When **children** cannot move for long periods of time, children are more likely to develop kidney stones... If children are inactive, the bones may release excess calcium into the blood.. #### Types of kidney stones in children Uric acid stones Calcium stones Cystine stone Stroite stones