Severe stroke - from prevention to the latest stroke treatments in the world 2023 ============================================================================================ A severe stroke occurs suddenly and in many cases without previous symptoms... What should be done in this situation?... How do we know that a stroke has occurred? And what should we do for a person who has had a stroke? In this article, Dr. Kihani Fard's specialist neurology clinic will tell you the answers to these questions... When the blood supply to a part of the brain is disturbed, a stroke occurs, what happens after the brain is deprived of blood supply is the death of nerve cells in the brain... It also affects the people around quickly... A severe stroke can affect many parts of the brain... There are those who have a severe stroke, but with timely and emergency measures, some Its side effects are safe... it is sick Symptoms before a stroke According to research conducted at John Hawkins University, these **symptoms before a stroke** will be an alarm and you should immediately call the emergency room as soon as you see them... 1... Sudden numbness or weakness 2 .... Sudden confusion and sudden difficulty speaking 3... Sudden blindness especially if it happens in one eye 4 .... sudden dizziness or imbalance 5... severe headache that occurs suddenly What are the symptoms of severe stroke? The severity of the symptoms depends on the location and severity of the stroke, these symptoms include: - Sudden and very severe headache - Vomiting - Neck stiffness - Blurred vision or blindness - Dizziness - Imbalance Numbness or weakness on one side of the body or face - Confusion and sudden confusion - Problems in speech - Difficulty in swallowing ### Why do we have strokes If you suffer from diseases such as high blood pressure, if your leg veins are varicose, if you have high blood pressure, if you have a habit of eating unhealthy, fatty or salty foods, if you have had a sudden blow to your head, if you are a smoker, if you are middle-aged, if you have experienced a lot of stress and mental pressure, or if you have had a severe stroke in the past, the situation.... In general, a simply definition is one of the conditions of a severe stroke is when a blood clot forms in your brain or you have a disorder in the walls of the veins and arteries.. A stroke happens in two cases... #### Hemorrhagic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by bleeding in the brain, when the vessel wall is damaged and ruptured, bleeding occurs in the brain and the person suffers a stroke. Depending on the location and the damaged artery and the extent of the damaged area, the severity of the stroke will vary from mild stroke to severe stroke. or blood clot migration occurs.. In this case, as a simple definition, it can be said that the arterial system of our body directs blood from the heart to other organs, including the brain. clot It reaches a narrower artery and causes the narrow or immovable artery to be blocked.. Vessels, this condition leads to an ischemic stroke and the blood supply to a part of the brain is disturbed.... In another case, an ischemic stroke, a clot first forms in the blood vessels of the brain or neck and creates an obstruction there, and finally, depending on the blocked vessel, a severe or mild stroke occurs.. In a research statistic, approximately 85 percent of patients have a stroke and 1.5% of them are from a stroke.. Hemorrhagic bleeding, and this statistic shows the importance of a healthy diet and a healthy life. ##### ⚠ Thrombotic stroke Thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. People who have high blood fat, smokers, those who have an improper diet, and the elderly are among the people who are more prone to blood clots and strokes... If this congestion exceeds the permissible limit, the patient will have an embolic stroke. stroke An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot or other lesions form far away from your brain and reach the cerebral arteries through the blood stream, causing them to narrow. Transient or mild A mild stroke has a short period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke...a temporary reduction in blood flow to part of your brain causes a mild stroke that often lasts less than five minutes....Like an ischemic stroke, a mild stroke occurs when a clot or other material blocks blood flow to part of your brain. intense Among people in the society, some people are more at risk of stroke (severe or mild stroke) and it is better to be under the supervision of a specialist doctor, these people are: #### Gender Men are more likely to have a stroke than women, but at the same time the death rate of women in severe strokes is higher than men, because women live longer than men and stroke is more likely at an older age, it is more severe and dangerous, also contraceptives and stroke prevention drugs increase the risk of stroke... #### Lifestyle.. The following factors can increase the risk of stroke - Smoking - Diet - Lack of physical activity - High consumption of alcohol - Drug use - Some conditions and medical emergencies - The use of certain medications, including contraceptives, increases the risk of stroke. Although blood thinners reduce the risk of ischemic stroke, they can increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.. These drugs include: - Warfarin - Rivaroxaban - Apixaban #### Patient conditions - Pregnancy and special medical conditions - Cardiovascular problems - Diabetes - History of stroke or mild stroke - Migraine - Sickle cell patients - conditions that cause blood to clot (thickness of the blood) - Conditions that cause heavy bleeding, including low blood platelets and hemophilia - Treatment with blood clotting drugs - History of aneurysm and vascular abnormalities in the brain - Polycystic syndrome associated with brain aneurysm Brain tumors, especially malignant tumors #### age People over the age of 65 are more likely to have a severe or mild stroke, especially those on this list. - People with high blood pressure. - Diabetes problems - Most of them are sitting - They are overweight - They smoke ### ### Stroke symptoms in women Stroke symptoms in women may not be the same as those in men. These symptoms may include: Since these symptoms are specific to women, they may not be recognized quickly and treatment may be delayed. Strange behaviors such as sudden sleepiness can also indicate a stroke. Doctors call these symptoms mental status changes. These symptoms include: - Non-responsiveness - fainting - Confusion - Sudden behavior change - Illusion ### Diagnosis of stroke (the content of this part is very important, please take a few minutes) Diagnosing a stroke in time and quickly bringing the patient to a reputable medical center is very important in this regard... You can save your patient from the complications of a stroke or death due to a severe stroke... The moment a patient suffers a stroke, a series of obvious symptoms appear in him, these symptoms appear in the patient's face, hands and feet, behavior and feeling... - Remember that a person who has had a stroke suddenly becomes confused. - The person's face, hands, and feet are numb, and if you ask him to smile, you will see that the lips are not symmetrical on both sides of the face.. - Problems with vision, blurred vision or even blurring of the patient's vision or even the loss of the symptoms that he sees, is another problem that you should pay attention to. This is a very important question, you must evaluate the patient's condition, even if the patient returns to the initial state after a few seconds and the stroke is mild, do not forget to call the emergency medical service or direct the patient to the appropriate medical center. You can see the operation of cpr or emergency resuscitation in the video below and you can also get help from the article what is cpr. ### What are the first things we should do when we think someone is having a stroke? - A stroke can cause you to lose balance and fall suddenly. If you see someone around you who you think is having a stroke or if you see yourself at risk of having a stroke, follow these steps. The safest position is a comfortable position and preferably the patient's head is in the position.. Turn the other side, the person who has a stroke may vomit, and in this way you prevent suffocation and return of vomit fluid to the respiratory tract.... - Check if the person is breathing?. If he is not breathing, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation or if he is struggling to breathe, remove his scarf, tie or clothing that is bothering him, click here to learn how to perform CPR... Don't forget, time is the most important factor in the recovery of stroke patients... ### Importance of first steps in stroke patients When your patient is transferred to the hospital and is under the supervision of a doctor, the necessary measures and treatment are carried out for him.. After examining the conditions and according to the type of stroke that the patient suffered and when he was transferred to the hospital, the doctor will conduct tests and imaging such as CT scan and brain angiography, etc. and he will be transferred to the hospital in less than 6 hours of treatment. and the patient returns to his normal life as much as possible.. This is the condition that makes your actions at the very first moment and time management in stroke patients have a great impact on their recovery, especially the importance of your time and speed to bring the patient to the right treatment center so that you don't miss the golden time.... ### In continuation of these basic measures in stroke patients - Speak calmly and give strength to the patient - Cover the patient with a blanket to keep warm - Do not force the patient to drink or eat and do not give him anything - If the person has weak limbs, prevent him from moving Monitor any changes in the patient's condition - By monitoring the patient, record the changes that occur in him and explain the start and end time of the symptoms to the person who comes from the emergency room and also to the doctor... - If a person has fallen or fell or suffered a blow to the head, be sure to inform the doctor ### Be careful, be careful, be careful If you take your patient to the doctor, you have done your duty for the stroke patient ### Effective time of drugs and treatment According to research and instructions of the American Stroke Association, the risk of anticoagulant drugs not being effective is 4.5 hours, which means that after this time, these drugs will not have an adequate effect on the stroke and its symptoms. Also, the physical removal of blood clots is effective up to 24 hours after the onset of symptoms, so it is necessary not to waste the most time in diagnosing the type of stroke. Sono-Doppler carotid, electrocardiogram (EKG) or echocardiogram... these procedures are done quickly and accurately in the treatment center, at this time you must be with your patient and trust the doctor, your calmness and trust in the doctor will be your biggest help, be sure that the doctor will do his best to treat very quickly ##> point for you Never give medicine to a patient without consulting a doctor... Aspirin may worsen your patient's condition before a stroke is diagnosed... A patient who has had a hemorrhagic stroke with aspirin experiences more bleeding and a more extensive stroke and even death... #### Ischemic stroke treatment If the patient is transferred to the hospital within a maximum period of 6 hours (the best time is the first 3 hours) from the time of stroke, tpa injection treatment can be done for him, this method is done in two ways.. With the help of the angiography device, a small catheter is inserted into the patient's femoral vein and directed to the blocked vein. After reaching the blocked vein, the drug is injected directly onto the blood clot.. In this method, the patient is placed on the bed, the necessary anesthesia is performed, and then, guided by the angiography device, the catheter is directed directly to the blocked vein. A ruptured vein to stop the bleeding.. In Tehran, these treatments are currently being carried out and stroke specialist doctors are receiving patients in hospitals such as Trita, Ibn Sina and the Prophet's (PBUH) hospitals. Things that are limited after a stroke include: #### ⛔ Salt Too much salt can raise blood pressure...read food labels and choose low-salt options...don't add salt when cooking or at the table...use herbs and spices to enhance flavor...if you reduce your intake gradually, you'll adjust to your deficiency in a few weeks... #### ⛔ Sugar Too much sugar can damage blood vessels... Read food labels and choose lower sugar options... Even foods you might not recognize as sweets have added sugar... #### ⛔ Saturated Fat This fat increases cholesterol... eat unsaturated oils... try peanut or avocado oil... #### ⛔ Alcohol Heavy alcohol consumption increases stroke risk factors, including high blood pressure.