Symptoms of respiratory diseases in children Children's respiratory system, especially at a young age and in infancy, is very sensitive and immature. This feature makes them more vulnerable to infections, allergies and other respiratory diseases. Recognizing the symptoms of respiratory diseases in children is very important for parents and caregivers, because early diagnosis can help in effective treatment and prevent serious complications. This article examines the most common symptoms of respiratory diseases in children and helps you identify warning signs and see a doctor at the right time. Common and general symptoms of respiratory diseases These symptoms can range from a simple cold to a more serious infection: Cough #### Dry cough It is often seen at the onset of viral infections, allergies, or exposure to irritants (such as cigarette smoke). #### Phlegm/wet cough It usually indicates the presence of secretions in the airways and is seen in diseases such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Croupy Cough A barking cough, usually worse at night, is a sign of inflammation of the larynx and trachea. #### Convulsive/persistent cough Coughs that come in a row without a break can be a sign of whooping cough or an asthma flare-up. ### Runny/Stuffy Nose It is usually seen in colds and upper respiratory tract infections. The discharge can be clear, white, yellow, or green. ### Sneeze It is often accompanied by runny nose and is seen in colds or allergies. ### Sore Throat A symptom of inflammation in the throat, which can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. Children may have difficulty swallowing food or liquids. ### Fever An increase in body temperature, which is a sign that the immune system is fighting an infection. The level of fever can vary from mild to high and does not always correspond to the severity of the disease. ### Fatigue and Lethargy The child may have less energy to play, sleep more, or be crankier than usual. ### Decreased Appetite Respiratory diseases can reduce a child's interest in eating. Warning signs These symptoms indicate that the child has serious breathing problems and should be examined by a doctor immediately: Difficulty Breathing/Shortness of Breath Rapid breathing (tachypnea): the child's number of breaths per minute is higher than normal for his age (eg, more than 60 in infants, more than 40 in children 1-5 years old). Gasping or gasping: The child is struggling to breathe and seems short of breath. Retractions: When breathing, the skin between the ribs, under the throat or above the collarbone is pulled in. This indicates a high effort to breathe. Nasal Flaring: The nostrils open excessively when breathing. Use of auxiliary breathing muscles: The child uses his neck and abdominal muscles to breathe, which indicates great effort. ### Wheezing A whistling or hissing sound when exhaling, which indicates narrowing or partial obstruction of the airways. This is a common symptom in asthma, bronchiolitis and allergic reactions. ### Abnormal Breathing Sounds Stridor: A harsh, high-pitched whistling sound heard when breathing in, usually indicating an obstruction in the upper airways (such as wheezing). Grunting: A short moan-like sound that a child makes when exhaling to hold more air in their lungs. ### Bruising of the skin or lips (Cyanosis) discoloration of the skin (especially around the mouth, lips, nails, and tongue) to blue or gray. This is a very serious symptom of oxygen deficiency and requires immediate medical attention. ### Restlessness, irritability, or unusual sleepiness A sudden change in the child's behavior, such as extreme restlessness, crankiness, or, conversely, drowsiness and unresponsiveness to stimuli. These symptoms can indicate a lack of oxygen or the severity of the disease. ### Inability to eat or drink liquids If the child is unable to swallow or feed due to breathing problems, the risk of dehydration and malnutrition increases. A cough or wheezing that gets worse and doesn't respond to home remedies. When should we see a doctor? Immediately (emergency): If your child shows any of the warning signs (severe shortness of breath, bruising, severe wheezing, unresponsiveness, or any sudden and alarming change in breathing status). ASAP (Paediatrician): See a respiratory pediatrician if your child has a high fever, a persistent, bothersome cough, is lethargic, has a persistent runny nose and is not improving, or if you are concerned about his or her symptoms. Routine visit: For mild cold symptoms that gradually improve, there is usually no need to visit immediately, but if they persist or worsen, consult a doctor. #### Summary Recognizing the signs of respiratory disease in children, especially the warning signs, is one of the most important skills for any parent. While many of these symptoms may be related to common colds, some of them can indicate more serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. With vigilance and timely action, we can help our children's respiratory health and prevent serious complications. If you have any concerns about your child's breathing, it is always better to consult Dr. Mehdi Afshari the best lung specialist in Tehran.