Prostate sampling is a procedure in which samples of suspicious prostate tissue are removed. The prostate is a small, walnut-shaped gland in men that produces a fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. (urologist) is done If the results of initial tests such as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test or a digital rectal examination (DRE) show that you have prostate cancer, your doctor will suggest that you have your prostate examined.

Prostate gland

The prostate gland is located just below the male bladder and surrounds the upper part of the tube that drains urine from the bladder (urethra). The main function of the prostate is to produce a fluid that is used to nourish and transport sperm (semen).

Prostate sampling through the rectum

During a transrectal biopsy, the biopsy gun quickly inserts a very fine needle into the suspicious area and removes a small portion of tissue for analysis.

Why should a prostate biopsy be done?

• Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test results are higher than normal.
• Your doctor finds a lump or other abnormality during a digital rectal exam.
• You have already had a biopsy and the results were normal, but you still have a high PSA level.
• Previous sampling results have reported abnormal tissue that is not cancerous.

Sampling risks:

Common and general risks associated with prostate biopsy include the following:

• Infection: Perhaps one of the most common problems that occur with sampling is infection... Rarely, people who have had a prostate biopsy experience an extensive urinary tract infection that requires antibiotic treatment.
• Bleeding at the sampling site: Rectal bleeding is one of the common problems after sampling.... Do not use any blood thinners after sampling.... These drugs should be taken under the supervision of a doctor.
• Blood in the semen: The presence of red color in the semen after sampling is normal....this indicates blood and is not a sign of cancer....this blood may persist for several weeks after the biopsy.
• Difficulty urinating: In some people, sampling can cause difficulty urinating. Rarely, a urinary catheter may be necessary.

How to prepare for sampling?

To prepare you need to do the following:

• The use of drugs that can increase the risk of bleeding should be stopped.... Medications such as warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, etc.) and some herbal supplements should be stopped a few days before the biopsy.
• Perform cleansing enema at home before biopsy
• Consumption of antibiotics 30 to 60 minutes before sampling to prevent infection.

What can be expected from sampling?

Types of prostate sampling processes:

Prostate biopsy samples can be collected in different ways. A prostate biopsy may include the following:

• Putting a needle through the walls of the rectum: this type of sampling is known as transrectal biopsy and is the most common sampling method.
• Collection of tissue samples through the tip of the male penis: This sampling method is known as transurethral biopsy. A long and very thin tube equipped with a video camera is inserted through the opening of the tip of the male penis and then the required samples are collected.
• Placement of the needle in the area of ​​the skin between the anus and the scrotum: In this type of sampling, a small cut is usually made in the skin between the anus and the scrotum. Then the doctor inserts a special needle into the body from the same cut and the sample is taken.

What should you expect during the rectal sampling procedure?

In most cases, the urologist performs a transrectal sampling.... To perform this procedure, the doctor tells you to lie on your side and bend your knees towards the chest.... In some cases, it is necessary to lie on your stomach.... After cleaning the desired area and using a special gel, the doctor gently inserts a thin ultrasound probe into the rectum... Transrectal ultrasound is used to create images of the prostate becomes.. becomes.. by using these images, the doctor can identify the areas that need anesthesia.

Ultrasound images are also used as a guide for the placement of the sampling needle.. In most cases, an anesthetic is injected, usually to reduce the pain caused by the sampling.. The needle is used to inject an anesthetic at various points near the prostate.. Once the sampling device is in place, the doctor can also remove a thin tissue from it.. Different parts... In most cases, the doctor 10 Takes up to 12 samples.. Total process usually 5-10 It takes minutes.

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After sampling

After the sample is taken, you may need to take antibiotics for a few days... You may feel pain or very little bleeding from the anus.... You may also see blood in your urine or stool..

If you see the following, be sure to inform your kidney surgeon and urologist:

• Severe and prolonged bleeding
• Pain that gets worse
• Swelling near the sampled area
• Difficulty urinating

In rare cases, a prostate biopsy may cause an infection. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have symptoms of an infection. Signs and symptoms of infection include:

• Fever
• Pain during urination
• Discharges from the penis

A doctor who specializes in diagnosing cancer and other abnormalities can review the biopsy results.. A pathologist can determine whether the removed tissue is cancerous or not, can determine whether it is invasive or not... This person can provide the doctor with the laboratory findings in the form of a report... The doctor will usually explain these things to you and you can keep a copy of the report with you if you wish.

Your pathology report may include the following:

• Information about your medical history: The pathology report may include your medical history and other tests performed.
• Description of Samples Removed: This section usually deals with a general description of the sample. For example, the color and stability of the prostate tissue collected by the biopsy needle may be described or the number of samples taken may be specified.
• Description of Cells: This section of the pathology report describes how the cells look under the microscope.. Prostate cancer cells may be identified in the report as adenocarcinoma.. In some cases, the pathologist finds cells that are abnormal but not cancerous. It does.. textures... The lowest score is 2 and the highest is 10. Higher-grade cancers are more abnormal and can grow and spread quickly.
• Pathologist's Diagnosis: This section usually states the pathologist's diagnosis... This section may also include expert opinion and suggestions.